Joel Joe Varghese Essay

Oil and us foreign policy in middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Oil and us international strategy in center East - Essay Example Noteworthiness of Study The Middle East is one of the most key places that have pulled in numerous countries from most pieces of the world as to both business and political intrigue. Center east is really at the focal point of world consideration and consistently caught on the worldwide news notice all around the globe for both political social and financial reasons. This shows Middle East is a key accomplice in the worldwide economy. Its job in the worldwide business and political ties can't be sabotaged. Oil and oil are key component in the economies of the considerable number of countries of the world and changes in monetary patterns for different countries are frequently connected with changes in the oil costs on the planet showcase. The significant explanation is that oil based goods are a significant wellspring of vitality for both family unit and firms in all pieces of the world. Vehicles, engine vehicles, planes and numerous machines depend intensely on petroleum derivative a s a wellspring of their capacity. Subsequently, the interest for oil based goods is practically consistent and increments consistently as worldwide interest rises. The United States is then lowered in raw petroleum. Up from 2008 to 2013, household oil creation in United States went up by 2.4 million barrels in a day this was the greatest in the country’s history. ... q or Saudi Arabia despite everything have a major impact. That is one determination of a significant new report by a commission ofâ former commanders and senior authorities, supported by Securing America's Energy Future (SAFE). Wallander Celeste in his article clarifies that numerous specialists who have worked for the U.S. government accept that there has been imprudent talk in the ongoing days that America would now be able to disregard Middle East1. These center east countries have met up to combine their capacity by shaping the Organization of oil Exporting Countries (OPEC) which gives the oil delivering countries a solid haggling capacity to haggle for the best arrangement in their commercialization and offer of unrefined petroleum. OPEC sets the creation amounts and backing in the arrangement of procuring levels and gauges for delivering countries. This goes far to decide the costs of oil based commodities. It is qualified to take note of that after the breakdown of the Sovi et Union in 1991, the bipolar worldwide ideological war finished and the United States and the Capitalist West rose as the worldwide leaders1. As of now, the United States drives the worldwide monetary request. Because of this, the United States assumes an indispensable job in setting up measures to guarantee that OPEC and different countries are meeting every single vital necessity to guarantee a sensible and stable cost for raw petroleum. Since the United States assumes a central position of authority in managing OPEC nations the instability of Middle Eastern countries causes significant vacillations in oil costs, there is the need to comprehend the international strategy of the US in the Middle East. The substance of this examination is to recognize the principle ways the United States keeps oil costs stable to keep up stable oil costs. This will give huge data and direction on the center markers

Smart Paper Writing Services

Smart Paper Writing ServicesSmart paper writing services are indispensable for businesses that do a lot of writing. Many times, some sort of an information on a subject such as shopping tips or even a sales letter is written on a regular basis. For those who are just starting out, these services are vital to their business, as they can take the time to research certain items and write on the material for you.While some people may take the time to research all of the facts before they write, others will use their own hands when it comes to their writing. Some people like to have people write on their behalf and others just want someone to take the time to write something on their behalf. Either way, if you're looking for some sort of intelligent help, paper writing services might be just what you need.The smartest paper writing service will be one that takes the time to research what you're trying to write about. This will include researching both the topic of the information that you write and also the company that you're using to write the article. If you happen to find yourself working with a company that is not reliable and have given your writing work to someone that has not done his or her research, you're going to find your writing not to be as great as it could be.One thing to look for in a good paper writing service is the fact that the writer is very clear about what he or she wants to do. If they're offering a service, then they should be aware of what it is that they offer. They should be able to tell you what the needs are and what they can do for you, so that you can make the most of your money when you do write something on your own.Another thing to look for in a paper writing service is the fact that they are professional. You want someone that can produce quality writing. If you are going tohire a professional to write something for you, you want to make sure that you hire someone that has been in the business for a long time and is not just jum ping into the business without doing the proper research first.A paper writing service should also be able to put the information that you are trying to get across into words that are understandable. If you were to go to someone's house and they had given you a two paragraph essay on how to change a car battery and you couldn't understand a word, you would most likely not want to do business with them. If you were to go to someone's house and get a two paragraph essay on how to change a car battery, you would definitely want to work with that person if you were going to try to work together.These are just a few things to look for in a paper writing sevice. However, there are a number of different paper writing services available on the Internet and through mail order houses. Just do your research before you choose to work with any one, and you'll end up with quality results.Smart paper writing services are not as hard to find as you might think. Just be sure that you find a reputabl e one. Once you find one, you'll know exactly what you're getting into and you'll be able to handle your own paper writing needs with ease.

Analysis of Success Factors in the World Toy Industry Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The last but equally important success factor that can be associated with the toy industry is the type of toy that a particular company produces. According to quote (year), consumer behavior in the toy industry is shifted towards a part where there is a repeated endorsement for types of toys, which remains the order for buyers for a very long time. In the report by Key Note (2014), this is confirmed by a modern trend where tablets for children seem to have taken the place of traditional toys. Dynamism in production can, therefore, be noted as a perfect solution in the current endeavor by ensuring that toy manufacturing companies will look into ways by which they can incorporate features of the tablet technology into their products if they are to succeed in the UK market (quote). What are Green Toy s competitive advantages in the international toy market? 2 [184]In any competitive market, companies need the competitive advantage to win the favor of available consumers over their comp etitors (quote). This means that having competitive advantage makes it possible to survive in any competitive market (quote). We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Success Factors in the World Toy Industry or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Reading about Green Toy Inc. , an impression that is developed is that the company has benefited immensely from its brand equity. Meanwhile, brand equity is identified as a major competitive advantage, that makes companies and their brands identifiable to consumers (quote). Emphasising on how brand equity serves as a competitive advantage, quote (year) explained that consumers always wish for there to be variations on the market. But as the variety becomes many, they become skeptical on which products guarantee the quality they want. In a situation like this, these consumers tend to fall on companies with long-standing names in the industry from which they are buying from. This means that brand equity is a competitive advantage that older companies use over relatively new companies.

Common Gastrointestinal ( Gi ) Medical Emergency - 1424 Words

Pathophysiology Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) medical emergency that occurs in neonates. Although it commonly affects premature babies, it can happen in term babies as well. It usually occurs during the first two to four weeks of life in premature babies and in one to three days for up to one month in term babies. For the premature babies, their organs are not fully developed and it puts them at risk for disease. It is an acute inflammatory disease that is characterized by damage to the intestinal tract and can range from mucosal injury (the lining of the intestines), to full thickness necrosis (where the tissue dies) and perforation (where there is a hole in the intestine. The exact cause is unknown but some ideas are that babies have underdeveloped intestines, there may have been too little oxygen or blood flow to the intestines, injury to the intestinal tract, a heavy growth of bacteria in the intestines that erodes the intestinal wall, a nd formula feedings. Although NEC can occur anywhere in the intestines and colon, it commonly affects the terminal ileum (where the small intestine connects to the large intestine) and the proximal ascending colon. Assessment A baby with NEC may present with one or more of the following signs or symptoms: a swollen, red, or tender belly, that increased in girth; a feeding intolerance; delayed gastric emptying; decreased bowel sounds; constipation, diarrhea or bloody stools; a low or unstableShow MoreRelatedThe Inflammatory Bowel Disorder Known As Crohn s Disease ( Cd )1291 Words   |  6 PagesUlcerative Colitis, but it is much less common and it can affect both the large and small intestines. According to the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA), there are currently about 700,000 individuals in America currently suffering from CD (Foundation, 2015). Pathophysiology of Crohn’s Disease The pathogenesis of CD is defined as a â€Å"dysregulated proinflammatory response to commensal gut bacteria† (Lashner, 2013). CD can afflict any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, usuallyRead MoreAn Autosomal Dominant Disorder995 Words   |  4 PagesReport: A 49-year-old female presented to the emergency department with generalized weakness for seven days. Associated symptoms included nausea, hematemesis, bloody sputum, and transient intermittent dark stool. She denied: chest pain, dizziness, or chills. The patient has a history of extensive nosebleeds since adolescence that, according to the patient, could fill a cup with blood. Her condition has continued despite multiple admissions and medical therapies. The patient admits to a history ofRead MoreWhat is Pica?1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe definition of Pica is a term that is refers to ingesting, cravings or argues of substances that are not foods items. Some of the most common items indigested by patients with pica are dirt, sand, clay, glue, ice, chalk, beeswax, hair, and laundry starch. The reason for patients having this cravings is because the patient is diagnosed with a nutritional deficiency state, such as iron-deficiency like anemia and a number of many other physiological disturbances in humans brains it have been associatedRead MoreCase Study Of Acute Abdomen1716 Words   |  7 PagesPerforation †n=30† 80.00% 79.7% Intestinal obstruction †n=60† 81.67% 91.0% Total †n=200† 81.0% 83.0% Figure 1.Cholecystitis: US findings. Multiple gallstones associated with gallbladder wall thickened Figure 2. Invagination of 1 portion of the GI tract (intussusceptum) into the lumen of another (intussuscipiens); this is often referred to as the target sign when seen in the transverse plane because of the multiple layers of adjacent intestinal walls. Figure 3. Ultrasound of small intestinalRead MoreTaking a Look at Crohns Disease1552 Words   |  6 Pagesmay show a lack of interest in the social aspect of life due to illness, and may demonstrate these traits to avoid embarrassment. Jobs and work life have to be comprised, for example patients need to have bathroom timeouts as well as always have emergency bag ready. Nutritional aspects have to comprise due to the illness. There will need to be a high intake of fruits and vegetables for adequate nutritional intake. Certain fruits and vegetables like strawberries due to the small seeds and apples becauseRead MoreAutonomic Dysreflexia2559 Words   |  11 Pagesfunction below the level of injury. The degree varies between sensory and motor loss due to the level of injury (Lewis, 2014). There are three levels of injury, those being cervical, thoracic, and lumbar. Lumbar and cervical injuries are the most common due to movement and increased flexibility (Lewis, 2014). Depending on the degree of injury you may become a paraplegic or a tetraplegia. Paraplegia is a loss of sensation in the trunk and lower limbs due to the thoracic cord in the lumbar spineRead MorePathogram: Chronic Respiratory Failure Essays7624 Words   |  31 Pages Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 340: Critical Care |Assessment |Medical/Nursing Diagnoses |Treatment | |Brief review of the patient |Medical Diagnoses: |Therapeutic Modalities Read MoreAlcohol3150 Words   |  13 Pagesand respiration Possible death 0.45 + Death Death from respiratory arrest ________________________________________ Absorption Alcohol is absorbed from all parts of the gastrointestinal tract largely by simple diffusion into the blood. However the small intestine is by far the most efficient region of the gastrointestinal tract for alcohol absorption because of its very large surface area. In a fasting individual, it is generally agreed that 10% to 20% of a dose of alcohol is absorbed from theRead MoreEssay about module 4 PPA2319 Words   |  10 PagesLetters Represent Context Definition or Application within the Patient’s Chart Source Document From Jane’s Dare Medical Record found on bottom of Medical Record pages†¦ 1. ICD International Classifications of Diseases, Ninth Revision Published by WHO This is a systematic classification of diagnosis codes. These codes are numeric and alphanumeric codes that represent medical diagnoses ADMISSION SUMMARY 2. CM Clinical Modification This abbreviation out of context belongs collectivelyRead MoreThe Pathophysiology Of Ischaemic Stroke3490 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction: Mr X, a 60 year- old Caucasian male, admitted to the stroke unit with a diagnosis Left MCA infract. He presented to the emergency department right sided hemiparesis, neglect of affected limbs, dysphasia and right side facial droop. He was on cardiac monitor for close observation for 48 hours. Stroke critical care pathway and commenced and care provided as per protocol.. Stroke is a serious and deadly condition including cerebral circulation within the brain and can extremely affect

Shermans Army An Examination Of The March To The Essay Example For Students

Sherman?s Army: An Examination Of The March To The Essay Sea And BeyondShermans Army:An Examination of The March to the Sea and BeyondThe Civil War is arguably the most interesting and enigmatic subject in American history. Even after rigorous study of the topic, it is difficult to fully comprehend the motives for the war. Part of this is because of the inherent complexity of the conflict, but it can also be attributed to the manner about which it is written historically. Much of the military history of the Civil War concerns itself with the broad tactics and strategies of the armies. Historians often focus solely on the command structure of the respective forces, and lump the soldiers under those commands in one group. An exception to this is Joseph T. Glathaars work, The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. The title of Glathaars work is misleading it implies that it is just another military history. Glathaar, however, examines Shermans march through the lenses of the common soldier, making the work more of a social history. Glathaar uses the diaries and journals of the enlisted men and junior officers to scrutinize their views of battle, their reasons for fighting, blacks, southern whites, camp life, foraging and pillaging, and the march itself. Glathaar makes it clear that he is not seeking to pass judgment on the participants of one of the most controversial military campaigns in history:My objective, however, is neither to condemn nor condone the behavior of Sherman and his men. As I see it, my job is not to cast moral judgment upon the conduct of others; rather, it is to ascertain exactly what they did and understand why they did it. Glathaar introduces the subject with a brief overview of the political and military situation in early 1864. The Army of the Potomac had experienced a series of military defeats, and President Lincoln had lost faith in several of his highest military commanders, resulting in their termination. Most notable among these was General McClellan, who accepted the Democratic nomination for President in 1864. It appeared as though the failures of the Army of the Potomac would essentially take the Presidency away from the Republicans until General Shermans successful Atlanta campaign. Therefore, the March to the Sea was not only strategically important in a military sense; its success or failure could determine the political leadership of the entire Union. Necessarily, Glathaar also conducts an abbreviated examination of General Shermans character and his relationship with Ulysses S. Grant. Grant and Sherman had forged over the course of several years a strong friendship and a high-level working relationship that was probably unequaled in military history. Their relationship stemmed from their common backgrounds (geographic and education ) and their abhorrence for military pomp and circumstance; both Sherman and Grant believed that the militarys primary purpose was to wage war, not to parade. Their most significant bond, however, was their sordid backgrounds. Sherman had suffered a nervous breakdown early in the war, while Grant had combated alcoholism. Throughout the war, their peers consistently challenged their capabilities, which only strengthened their friendship and resolution to succeed. Indeed, Sherman once remarked that, He Grant stood by me when I was crazy and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now sir, we stand by each other always. After the brief scrutiny of Union command, Glathaar focuses primarily on the attitudes and experiences of the common soldier, only invoking Shermans name to indicate the reverence the army had for their commander. Glathaar first establishes the composition of Shermans Army. Sherman amassed an army primarily composed of veterans, as:Sherman realized from the start that in c ampaigns to Savannah and through the Carolinas the burdens were going to shift from headquarters to lower-grade officers and enlisted men. Once the march began, success would depend on the ability of company-level soldiers to perform critical tasks independent of high-level officer supervision. As the army was composed primarily of soldiers and officers with several years of service, Shermans troops had more campaign experience than any other Federal Army. In a random sample, Glathaar determines that over 50 percent of Shermans captains and 90 percent of the lieutenants had served in the war as enlisted men, which increased the troops confidence in command. The troops also underwent a grueling physical prior to the Savannah campaign to weed out those soldiers unfit for the expected rigors of the march. The result was that those selected for the campaign had increased morale. The veteran composition of Shermans army and the resulting high morale were largely responsible for different iating Shermans men from the Army of the Potomac. The majority of men involved in the Savannah and Carolina campaigns had faced combat; this necessarily led to the heightened sense of respect and camaraderie indicative of Shermans troops. In addition, Shermans Army was far from the District of Columbia. This distance made the army less vulnerable to the political constraints that faced the Army of the Potomac, which was constantly conducting drills and parades for the entertainment of Washington bureaucrats and politicians. Glathaar illustrates the disparity between Shermans Army and the Army of the Potomac in his introduction:The army that marched with Shermanwas vastly different from the Army of the Potomac. Shermans was an army of veterans, men who had learned the art of soldiering through several years of actual campaigning. Nearly all the troops had received their training in the West, where prolonged campaigns, lengthy marches, supply shortages, and success in battle were the rule rather than the exceptionAt the expense of rigid discipline, precision drills, and tidy appearance, all trademarks of the Army of the Potomac, Shermans command developed a sense of self-reliancebased on several years of active campaigning. The high morale indicative of Shermans army can also be attributed to the soldiers keen awareness of whom and for what they were fighting. The overarching sentiment in the army of veterans was patriotism; it follows that the majority of soldiers fought for the restoration of the Union. Glathaar uses excerpts from soldiers diaries to establish their view of the cause. Consider this statement from a soldier that admitted he would never tirn my back to a reb as long as I have two armes to fight, :An we now like true Soldier go determed not to yeal one inch rather than yeal. We will Stane this Suthrn Soil with our blood. And leave meney of our boddyes there in memory of the day that we Stood like a Stone wall and fight to the last to Conquer this Rebelien or Die. It is interesting to note that the majority of Shermans men did not fight for the purpose of emancipation. In fact, many were unapologetic about their racism. Only after witnessing the barbarism of slavery during the Savannah and Carolina campaigns did their attitudes toward the institution change. Indeed, most troops began to see emancipation as a powerful tool in crushing secession. Glathaar also discusses the election of 1864, and how it related to the cause. Shermans army abhorred the Copperheads, and vehemently supported Lincolns reelection. It was commonplace for the troops to discuss the political situation around the campfire after a long day of campaigning. The idea that Abraham Lincoln had come to represent the struggle to preserve the Union, is evidenced by the polling data. In states where election returns were available, a staggering 86 percent of soldiers cast their ballot for Lincoln. Indeed, many of Shermans soldiers feared that McClellan would end the war without any resolution. One soldier wrote to his girlfriend, If McClellan gets the reins he will have peace sooner than Abe, but by letting them have their slaves. Then we can fight them again in ten years. But let Old Abe settle it, and it is always settled. While Shermans Army did not have incredibly favorable opinions of Blacks, they loathed Southern whites even more. The soldiers not only believed that the educated class of the South had caused the war, they also saw that the same class was responsible for the social stratification of the region. A member of Shermans staff wrote, Talk about negro slavery! If we havent seen white slaves from Atlanta to Goldsboro, I dont know what the word means. Interestingly, the armys hatred of the whole of Southern aristocracy did not prevent some of the men from forming intimate relationships with women who were not spoken for. Perhaps the most controversial subject broached by Glathaar is the pillaging and destruction wrought by She rmans Army. The destruction that Shermans men left in their wake has been somewhat exaggerated and demonized by popular culture. In truth, the mobile nature of Shermans campaign prevented the establishment of viable supply lines, and made foraging for food and supplies a necessary endeavor. Shermans plan of selective destruction was designed to make the South feel the hard hand of war. The destruction of railways and private property was not only aimed at the defeat of the Confederate army, but also had to break the will of the Southern people to resist Federal authority. In a review of Glathaars work, Richard M. McMurry stresses the importance of this distinction:Freed from the necessity of daily fighting, Shermans men could concentrate upon their main mission the wrecking of the Souths infrastructure, especially its railroads, and the crippling of the rebels will to continue the war. By demonstrating both the helplessness of the Confederate government and the danger and suffering to which continued fighting would expose the families of southern soldiers, Shermans march helped to demoralize the rebel armies. Glathaar does not make pillaging and destruction the focal point of his work, however. His intent is to offer an expansive social history of the men who participated in Shermans march. In his introduction, Glathaar indicates that only one scholar before him had undertaken a similar task. Bell Irvin Wiley authored the classic The Life of Billy Yank, which Glathaar considers the starting point for all work on the common soldier. Yet, Wileys work failed to examine thoroughly Shermans Army. Indeed, The Life of Billy Yank has less than two dozen references to Shermans men, instead focusing on the Army of the Potomac. A more recent publication, James M. McPhersons For Cause and Conflict, also concentrated on the social history of the Civil War. Contrary to Glathaar, McPhersons work has a definite thesis: that the men who fought in the Civil War maintained thei r convictions throughout the conflict, and remained stringently attached to the principles of liberty, freedom, and justice. A review of McPhersons work illustrates his thesis further:Soldiers on both sides harkened back to the Founding Fathers, and the ideals of the American Revolution. They fought to defend their country, either the Unionthe best Government ever madeor the Confederate states, where their very homes and families were under siege. And they fought to defend their honor and manhood. I should not lik to go home with the name of a couhard, one Massachusetts private wrote, and another private from Ohio said, My wife would sooner hear of my death than my disgrace. Even after three years of bloody battles, more than half of the Union soldiers reenlisted voluntarily. While duty calls me here and my country demands my services I should be willing to make the sacrifice, one man wrote to his protesting parents. And another soldier said simply, I still love my country. Though M cPherson and Glathaar both make extensive use of the journals and letters of the common soldier, McPherson addresses the soldiers motivations for fighting without broaching more controversial subjects like slavery and racism. Indeed, Glathaar and McPhersons works differ not only in content, but also in the messages each seeks to convey. McPherson is wholly intent on establishing the reasons men fought in the war; Glathaar also establishes the cause, but only as a means of establishing the sociology of Shermans Army:Against this background of the veteran character of Shermans army, I have attempted to develop several peripheral themes. First, the plethora of campaign studies havestripped away much of the reality of warfare. War as seen from a headquarters field tent, although important in understanding the campaign or battle, is very different from war from a soldiers perspective. Glathaar is not the first to investigate Shermans Army, however. The difference between his work and tha t of most other historians is his synthesis of the motivations and feelings of the common soldier within the larger context of Shermans march to the sea. In a review of Glathaars work, John T. Hubbell indicates that Glathaar stresses the role of the enlisted man versus those in high command. Hubbell writes: Others (most notably B.H. Liddell-Hart and Lloyd Lewis) have focused on Sherman and the grand strategy that lead to the sweep through Gerogia and the Carolinas. Though important, such studies necessarily lose the perspective of the soldiers who fought the war and are to that extent unrealistic in their portrayal of the war. In another review of the work, John C. Barrett praises Glathaar for his endeavor. Barrett writes that, The in-depth look at the common soldiers who marched with Sherman marks this volumes contribution to Civil War literature. Glathaar is the first historian not only to record fully what these veterans did, but why they did it. Richard McMurry also concedes tha t Glathaars work is deserved of a place in American history: Glathaar has produced a fine volume that adds greatly to our knowledge of nineteenth-century Americans and their role in the Civil War. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns certainly has historiographical merit. Glathaar offers a fascinating work that succeeds in entertaining and educating the reader. Through his extensive research on the pervasive attitudes of Shermans soldiers, Glathaars work humanizes the army and enlightens the reader. The sheer complexity of the war becomes apparent through the work, yet certainly gives the reader a greater understanding of the greatest conflict in American history. Works Cited1. Barrett, John G. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. The American Historical Review 91, no. 2 (1986): 469. 2. For Cause and Conflict. Civil War Book Review. n.d., http://www.civilwarbookreview.com (5 Decemb er 2000). Cinderelmo Essay3. Glathaar, Joseph T. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. New York: New York University Press. 1985. 4. Hubbell, John T. Atlanta to the Sea. Reviews in American History. 14, no. 3 (1986): 377-381. 5. McMurry, Richard M. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. The Journal of Southern History. 52, no. 3 (1986): 468.

The Thief and the Dogs Essay Example For Students

The Thief and the Dogs Essay Isolation is a very important theme highlighted by the dark imagery in the novels. Isolation, in this context, refers to alienation from the society and the world. In Broken April, Kadare uses dark images to portray the feeling of isolation in Gjorgs mind and from his society. For e. g. the use of darkness in the lines Suddenly, on the highroad, with the night coming on, he was seized by a dark premonition claim the protection due to a guest5, show that Gjorg felt as if he was separated from the world. He was blinded by the darkness and he felt isolated because there was not a house, not a living soul around him from whom he could claim protection. Furthermore, when he was dying, he thinks of the black ox6, which still had not been sold. Here, the author is comparing Gjorg to the black ox. Black signifies isolation. Gjorg, like the black ox, was isolated from society and there was nothing he could do about it. Similarly, isolation is another important aspect of Saids character, which is constantly symbolized by darkness. We will write a custom essay on The Thief and the Dogs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For e.g. the image of darkness in the line Through the open door its thick darkness unrelieved by a single glimmer of light7, shows that Said felt that he was like the wasteland. A wasteland signifies a barren, empty stretch of land and it is a metaphor, which signifies Saids status in society. He too was like a wasteland, empty, isolated and distanced from the society. Also, the mention of darkness in the line Suddenly the blinding light went out and the firing stopped all the world seemed gripped in a strange stupefaction. 8, implies that death had once and for all alienated him from the world by taking him away from it. The dark imagery, in this case, is symbolic of death and alienation. In addition to the symbols of fear and isolation, loneliness is another important theme that darkness is symbolic of. The authors have portrayed the protagonists as lonely and abandoned people. In Broken April, Gjorg was compelled to kill the member of the Kryeqyqe family, and after that he spent his 30-day truce on his own, submerged in his loneliness. In the Kulla of Orosh, he was alone and was left in semi-darkness9 with unknown people around him. Although the 74 towers in the Plateau were a place of refuge, they made Gjorg feel lonely, scattered, dark and forbidden10 because he would be there all by himself until Aprildeath i. e. the day he was to be killed. Similarly, in The Thief and the Dogs, the author has used darkness to portray Saids loneliness. For e. g. the darkness in the lines The shadows are lengthening now but you cant switch on the light. 11 show that he felt lonely waiting alone at Nurs house because he had no companionship. In addition, the silence of the graves made him feel even more lost and instilled fear and loneliness in his mind. Furthermore, the lines Youll have to put up with the dark, the silence, and the loneliness- for as long as the world refuses to change its naughty ways12, implies that he felt the world had abandoned him and he had no option but to face the fact that he was lonely in this world. His ideals and concepts were different from the rest of society and according to him until the world does not change its ideals, he will always be lonely, isolated and scared. Also, the image of darkness in the lines in deep despair, delirious in the silence and dark sleep finally overcame him. 13, show that after Nur had suddenly disappeared he felt even more lonely and lost, since now he had no one to talk to, to confide in, to make love to and no one who cared for him. In conclusion, we can see the predominant use of darkness in these two novels, and how they are used to depict the protagonists state of mind. .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .postImageUrl , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:hover , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:visited , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:active { border:0!important; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:active , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: GCSE Coursework - Romeo and Juliet coursework EssayThe protagonists relate most of their thoughts to darkness. They view everything in a dark manner. Their feelings, thoughts and actions are all a reflection of their dark minds. Isolation from society has leaded them to view the world as a dull place to live in. The author has used the image of darkness to relate to their thoughts and feelings because dark objects are referred to as gloomy, shadowy and dull objects. Likewise, Gjorg and Said have very gloomy, dull and depressed lives.

How the Romans Voted in the Roman Republic

How the Romans Voted in the Roman Republic The vote was almost a side issue. When Servius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome, reformed the tribal system of Rome, giving the vote to men who had not been members of the three original tribes, he increased the number of tribes and assigned people to them on the basis of geographic location rather than kinship ties. There were at least two main reasons for the extension of the suffrage, to increase the tax body and to add to the rolls of young men suitable for the military. Over the next couple of centuries, more tribes were added until there were 35 tribes in 241 B.C. The number of tribes remained stable and so new citizens were assigned to one of the 35 no matter where they lived. So much is pretty clear. Details are not so sure. For instance, we dont know whether Servius Tullius established any of the rural tribes or just the four urban ones. The importance of the tribes was lost when citizenship was extended to all free people in A.D. 212 by the terms of Constitutio Antoniniana. Posting Issues Roman assemblies were called to vote after notice of issues had been publicized. A magistrate published an edict in front of a contio (a public gathering) and then the issue was posted on a tablet in white paint, according to the University of Georgias Edward E. Best. Did Majority Rule? Romans voted in a couple of different groupings: by a tribe and by centuria (century). Each group, tribe or centuria had one vote. This vote was decided by majority vote of the constituents of said group (tribe or tribe or centuria), so within the group, each members vote counted as much as anyone elses, but not all groups were equally important. Candidates, who were voted on together even when there were multiple positions to fill, were counted as elected if they received the vote of one-half of the voting groups plus one, so if there were 35 tribes, the candidate won when he had received the support of 18 tribes. Polling Place Saepta (or ovile) is the word for the voting space. In the late Republic, it was an open wooden pen with probably 35 roped-off sections. It had been on the Campus Martius. The number of divisions is thought to have corresponded with the number of tribes. It was in the general area that both tribal groups and comitia centuriata held elections. At the end of the Republic, a marble structure replaced the wooden one. The Saepta would have held about 70,000 citizens, according to Edward E. Best. The Campus Martius was the field dedicated to the war god, and lay outside the sacred border or Pomoerium of Rome, as Classicist Jyri Vaahtera points out, which is significant because, in early years, Romans may have attended the assembly in arms, which didnt belong in the city. Voting was also held in the forum. Centuriate Voting Assembly The centuriae may also have been started by the 6th king or he might have inherited and augmented them. The Servian centuriae included about 170 centuriae of foot soldiers (infantry or pedites), 12 or 18 of equestrians, and a couple of others. How much wealth a family had determined which census class and therefore centuria its men fit in. The wealthiest infantry class had close to a majority of the centuriae and were also allowed to vote early, just after the cavalry whose first position in the metaphorical voting line (may have) earned them the label praerogativae. (It is from this use that we get the English word prerogative.) (Hall says that later after the system was reformed, the first [selected by lot] centuria to vote had the title of centuria praerogativa.) Should the vote of the wealthiest (infantry) first class and that of the cavalry be unanimous, there was no reason to go to the second class for their vote. The vote was by centuria in one of the assemblies, the comitia centuriata. Lily Ross Taylor thinks the members of a given centuria were from a variety of tribes. This process changed over time but is thought to have been the way the vote worked when the Servian Reforms were instituted. Tribal Voting Assembly In tribal elections, the voting order was decided by sortition, but there was an order of the tribes. We dont know exactly how it worked. Only one tribe might have been chosen by lot. There might have been a regular order for the tribes that the winner of the lottery was allowed to jump over. However it worked, the first tribe was known as principium. When a majority had been reached, the voting probably stopped, so if 18 tribes were unanimous, there was no reason for the remaining 17 to vote, and they didnt. The tribes voted per tabellam by ballot by 139 B.C., according to Ursula Hall. Voting in the Senate In the Senate, voting was visible and peer-pressure-driven: people voted by clustering around the speaker they supported. Roman Government in the Roman Republic The assemblies provided the democratic component of the mixed form of Roman government. There were also monarchic and aristocratic/oligarchic components. During the period of kings and the Imperial period, the monarchic element was dominant and visible in the personage of the king or emperor, but during the Republic, the monarchic element was elected annually and split in two. This split monarchy was the consulship whose power was deliberately curtailed. The Senate provided the aristocratic element. References The Centuriate Assembly before and after the Reform, by Lily Ross Taylor; The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 78, No. 4 (1957), pp. 337-354.Literacy and Roman Voting, by Edward E. Best; Historia 1974, pp. 428-438.The Origin of Latin suffrÄ gium, by Jyri Vaahtera; Glotta71. Bd., 1./2. H. (1993), pp. 66-80.Voting Procedure in Roman Assemblies, by Ursula Hall; Historia (Jul. 1964), pp. 267-306

What Is A Flat Character †Definition and Definitive Examples

What Is A Flat Character s What is a Flat Character? (And How to Fix One) â€Å"Riddled with flat characters† is perhaps the most damning thing you can hear from an editor or reviewer. An accusation that your characters read like a cardboard cut-outs is like a knife in the heart of any fledgling writer. But having a flat character or two isn't the end of the world  - or even the end of your story! And if you can learn how to turn a two-dimensional character into a three-dimensional one, you'll have a real leg up on all future character creation. Sometimes the hardest part is simply identifying when you  do  have a flat character on your hands... especially if you're not exactly sure what constitutes one. Which is why we want to illustrate exactly what is a flat character: with a clear definition, examples, and instructions on how to fix any flat characters you may come across in your writing. First off, let's talk about what this term means.What is a flat character?A flat character  is a character with little to no complex emotions, motivat ions, or personality. They also don't undergo any kind of change  to make them more well-rounded. In other words, they're the opposite of a "round character," who has a fully fleshed out profile and changes throughout the story. A flat character will typically:Have no internal conflictConform to a stereotypeNever experience character developmentLack a multi-faceted personalityWhereas a three-dimensional or round character will typically:Have internal conflictUndergo significant character developmentExperience mental and emotional changesHave a multi-faceted personalityFlat characters are also sometimes referred to as â€Å"one-dimensional† or â€Å"two-dimensional." Both of these monikers point to the same thing: a character who has very minimal complexity, and often renders the story less believable as a result. Are you accidentally writing a flat character? Learn more in this post Not all static characters are flatDon't make the mistake of conflating a flat character with a static character. â€Å"Static† (or its inverse, â€Å"dynamic†) strictly describes the amount of change that a character undergoes throughout the story. â€Å"Flat† is a referendum on the character's complexity. That means that, generally speaking, all two-dimensional characters are static, but not all static characters are two-dimensional. To learn more about the flip side of the equation, we wrote extensively about what makes a dynamic character here.Are flat characters bad?Again, having two-dimensional characters never spells automatic death for your book. And the occasional flat character can even benefit your narrative! Charles Dickens, for instance, was a genius at writing casts that were packed with memorable caricatures. Are Miss Havisham, Mrs Micawber, and Mr Jaggers flat characters? Absolutely - they have few complex characteristics and exist mostly to inter act with the main character of their respective stories. But does their flatness make them inherently uninteresting or irrelevant to the story? Not necessarily. Flat characters can fulfill a number of roles: they populate the environs of the protagonist’s journey, and can move the story along in a plot-driven book. You really just don't want your  main  character(s) to be flat, otherwise your audience will lose interest in them. Her animal friends are the most interesting thing about her. (Image: Buena Vista Pictures)6. Mary Jane from Spider-ManSummed up in one sentence: The girl next door who’s the object of Peter Parker’s affection. Purpose in the story: To be the damsel in distress whom Peter rescues time and time again.7. Karen Smith from Mean GirlsSummed up in one sentence: A popular high school student who isn’t the brightest bulb in the box. Purpose in the story: To be the comic relief. (Though, to be fair, she would unquestionably make a great weather reporter!)8. Mr Collins from Pride and PrejudiceSummed up in one sentence: A silly, pompous, vain, obsequious clergyman with narcissistic tendencies. Purpose in the story: To represent the stereotype of the silly, servile parts of British society that Jane Austen ends up eviscerating.So why do authors write flat characters?As you can see, authors utilize flat characters in a number of ways. Writers generally bring them out when:The story in question is extremely plot-driven. Genres such as detective novels and thrillers will feature more two-dimensional protagonists for this reason (i.e. Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes and The  Da Vinci Code’s Robert Langdon.)The story is simple enough that complex characters are unnecessary.  This is the case in many children's movies, such as the  Cinderella  example above.Minor characters are needed. These characters don’t need depth, as they exist in order to further a three-dimensional protagonist along on their journey.So a flat character isn't necessarily a  bad  character; it's all about how you use them. Some very popular stories make almost everyone into flat characters except the protagonist(s). However, when it comes to standard literature, it's usually best to steer clear when possible. As a general rule, the more complex and multi-dimensional you make your characters, the deeper you'll pull readers into the vivid world of you r story - and that goes for all  characters, not just the ones we see the most.Do you have any favorite flat characters? Have you included any two-dimensional characters in your own work? Let us know in the comments below.

Marketing distribution management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing distribution management - Essay Example For instance, even though Windows 7 was a perfectly competent operating system, Microsoft felt the need to come up with a superior variant in Windows 8 which provides users with a more interactive interface with more engaging features. Microsoft’s primary market segment is that of teenagers and young adults. Its new line of products include Windows phones and tablets, as well as the Xbox One, which are all products demanded by people belonging to these age groups. The need to constantly innovate to protect market share due to the continuous emergence of inventive products, such as Android smartphones and PlayStation 4, by competitors remains the company’s biggest challenge. The recent outlay of $405 million on the marketing of Windows tablets is testament to this fact (Warren). Microsoft has traditionally held a very mature and adult like persona in the minds of the public due its strong association with Windows operating systems. However, the company has recently undergone a rebranding process of transforming its logos and portfolio (The Globe and Mail). Its entry in the tablets market and its acquisition of Nokia’s cellphone division and subsequent marketing of ‘Lumia’ has showcased that it now wants to appeal to a younger audience and portray itself as ‘cool’. However, it faces stiff competition with the likes of Apple, Samsung and HTC having already occupied that position and possessing greater experience in these markets. The Globe and Mail. Microsoft Rebrands: First New Logo in 25 Years. 23 Aug. 2012. Web. 29 Jan. 2014. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/business-technology/microsoft-rebrands-first-new-logo-in-25-years/article4495185/ Warren, Tom. "Microsoft to Spend $405 Million on Windows Marketing, Aims for 16 Million Tablet Sales." The Verge, 1 Nov. 2013. Web. 29 Jan. 2014.

Quadratic equations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quadratic equations - Assignment Example A maker of trophies observes that their profit behaves as P(x) = -0.3x2 + fx – m where ‘f’ pertains to fee for designing awards according to client’s request while ‘m’ refers to the monthly studio rent. P(x) would then be the monthly profit obtained as a function of ‘x’ or the number of awards designed by the trophy – making company in a month. At a point where x = - f / [ 2(-0.3) ], maximum profit is achieved. Sports such as football often involve throwing of ball from the ground and the ball thrown (projectile) eventually follows a path of trajectory in the shape of a parabola. Physicists characterize this scenario in a kinematic equation that is quadratic by nature, being y = V0y*t - Â ½ gt2 in which ‘y’ represents displacement of the ball whereas V0y is the initial velocity, along the vertical. If one wishes to find time ‘t’ when the ball hits the ground from the air, ‘y’ may be set to 0 so that ‘t’ may be solved given V0y, with g = 9.81

discipline Essay -- essays research papers

The Practice of Discipline   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Certain challenges in life can be described as being inevitable. Nearly everyone must face such typical events throughout the course of their life where surpassing a particular challenge is a sign of growth and experience, and, having been dealt with, such a trial is not expected to arise again. Most individuals in our society are familiar with such periods in their lives where they were made to begin walking as infants, coached into learning how to ride a bicycle later on, encouraged to start driving a car during the teenage years, earned a high school and/or college degree, etc. Such challenges and ordeals are expected. They are perceived as being completely natural and acceptable. Society encourages the pursuit of them and rewards their conquering. Many of us, however, face challenges of a different sort in our lives. These challenges stem from decisions made by the individual, not by society or its norms. In fact, the very reason why such a decision quite ofte n sets challenges ahead for the individual who makes it is due to the fact that it goes completely against societal expectations. The initial conscious decision to go against the grain and not fall into line often sets the stage for a slue of hardships and tribulations, and, chances are it will result in a life-long battle to maintain devotion. I made such a decision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Around the age of 17, I began to notice that my belief system was becoming increasingly opposed to that of my peers, my family, and even some good friends. For the first time, I began thinking about what I truly believed in and about the direction in which I was headed. One would be hard pressed to find an individual who has not experienced distress over such thoughts. At one time or another, pressure from these or similar thoughts will plague just about everyone during their lives, especially throughout the teen years. The differences in the individual will be shown and defined through the kind of choices that are made during such a period. At that point, when the questions concerning my identity first came into play, I was not much different from the average adolescent. However, when I began to ponder precisely how and what I felt about many pressing issues in my life, I noticed my opinions were quite contrary to those expressed by most people a... ...e I know where I stand is where others will fall. Unfortunately, standing up for one’s beliefs can, at times, bring about instances of very open physical aggression from those who are in opposition of that individual. I witnessed this first hand on a night when I was approached by a fellow student while exiting my dorm hall at school. He had noticed the X’s on my hands, a prominent symbol and show of expression in the Straightedge community. The interaction began when the young man—who, ironically enough, was intoxicated at the time—proceeded to pin me against a wall and scream in my face which was quickly followed by some hateful words expressing his contempt for the Straightedge lifestyle and an invitation to engage in a fight. During, and directly following, the event, I was in a total state of shock, for I was not used to opposition quite that extreme. Though seemingly ridiculous and unfair at the time, this experience was indeed a wake up call tha t helped to reiterate the fact that my decision to go against the norm is not, and never will be, an easy task.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main purpose here is to educate. By using examples and sharing I hope to help others.

Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank

9-607-010 REV: OCTOBER 4, 2007 DAVID M. UPTON VIRGINIA A. FULLER Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank Jay Dvivedi looked once more at the proposal in his email inbox, sighed and closed his laptop for the night. He owed his boss, Shinsei CEO Thierry Porte, a response and he knew that he would need to send it in morning. One of the heads of Shinsei’s business units had approached Porte directly with a proposal for a new, off-the-shelf customer relationship management (CRM) system for his business.He wanted to fund it and implement with his own personnel, but he needed approval from Porte. Before Porte responded he had requested input from Dvivedi. When Dvivedi discussed the idea with his team the opinion was divided. The information technology organization had played an integral role in the revitalization of Shinsei Bank from the ashes of Japan’s failed Long-Term Credit Bank (LCTB). In March 2000, Dvivedi had been charged with the task of developing a rev olutionary technology infrastructure for the newly formed Shinsei Bank.When he asked then CEO Masamoto Yashiro for some guidelines he was told to do it â€Å"Fast† and â€Å"Cheap†. Drawing on his wealth of experience in technology and operations in the banking industry he and his team were able to come up with a quick, robust, and inexpensive approach through which the reborn bank could deliver its newer products and services. Shinsei, which literally meant â€Å"new birth† in Japanese, was committed to providing an improved, customer-focused model with such conveniences as Internet banking, 24-hour cost-free ATMs, and fast service based on real-time database reconciliation1.Developing and organizing the technology required to enable this was a monumental task, but one that Dvivedi and his team were able to execute within one year (one quarter of the time that would be needed to implement a traditional system), and at only 10% of the forecasted cost of a tradit ional system. By 2005, the bank had 1. 4 million customers, and was acquiring new business at a rate of 35,000 customers per month. When Dvivedi discussed the proposal with his team some said that the business understood its own objectives best.If a business unit felt that it should add a new system at its own cost then that was its right. Alternatively, other team members felt that this was against all of the principles that had been used to resurrect Shinsei’s IT systems and represented a dangerous step backwards. 1 In many other banks in Japan, deposits and withdrawals did not appear until the next day in order to reconcile the transaction and primary databases. Shinsei wanted to immediately update and make visible the data for its customers. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Professor David M. Upton and Research Associate Virginia A. Fuller prepared this case with the assistance of Masako Egawa, Executive Director of the HBS Japan Research Office, and Akiko Kanno, Research Associate at the HBS Japan Research Office. Portions of this case draw upon â€Å"Shinsei Bank (A),† HBS No. 302-036, â€Å"Shinsei Bank (B),† HBS No. 302-037, â€Å"Shinsei Bank (C),† HBS No. 302-038, and â€Å"Shinsei Bank (D),† HBS No. 02-039 by Professor Michael Y. Yoshino and Senior Research Associate Perry L. Fagan. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright  © 2006, 2007 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-5457685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www. hbsp. harvard. edu.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. 607-010 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank Dvivedi needed to draft a thoughtful, well-reasoned reply to Porte and he would have to do it first thing in the morning. Shinsei’s Predecessor: LTCB LTCB, was established by the government in 1952 to provide long-term funding to rebuild Japan’s basic industries after World War II.This strategy proved successful until the 1980s when financial deregulation diminished the demand for loans by traditional borrowers and LTCB aggressively expanded in the real estate and construction markets. Because of Japan’s booming economy, land prices were skyrocketing and many loans were provided based on land collateral rather than an appropriate analysis of risk or future cash flow of the borrower. When the asset bubble burst and land prices plummeted in the early 199 0s, banks were left with an enormous amount of bad debt.In spite of the increase in non-performing loans, Japanese banks were slow to take action. At the time, many still believed that the fall in land prices was temporary and that they could wait out the crisis. Furthermore, Japanese banks placed great importance on long-term relationships with their borrowers and were reluctant to raise lending rates in what seemed like a temporary business slowdown. LTCB desperately explored ways to save itself. Conditions continued to deteriorate, however, and its stock price continued to fall.On October 23, 1998, LTCB finally collapsed with nearly $40 billion of non-performing loans and was nationalized. The failure of LTCB marked the largest banking failure in post-war Japan. Acquisition by Ripplewood The events that followed were unprecedented; a Japanese landmark was bankrupt, and was subsequently purchased by a U. S. private equity fund, Ripplewood Holdings, with Goldman Sachs representing the Japanese government. Masamoto Yashiro, former president of Exxon Japan who had just retired after heading Citicorp Japan, was persuaded to join the American investors in acquiring the bank.The government initially favored selling the bank to a Japanese financial institution or an industrial company, but Ripplewood eventually won the bid. On March 1, 2000, LTCB became the first Japanese bank with foreign ownership. â€Å"New Birth† The name of the bank was changed to â€Å"Shinsei,† and Yashiro became CEO. In the first few months, Yashiro moved quickly to establish a new organization and build the bank’s business in three main areas: commercial banking, retail banking2, and investment banking.LTCB had previously generated most of its revenues from corporate loans, but Yashiro was eager to move out of this low-margin business. â€Å"The asset quality [of our loans] was extremely poor, the number of corporate and individual accounts had shrunk by 40%, the trad itional business – corporate lending – was very unprofitable, and the bank’s IT infrastructure and operational capability were significantly inferior even relative to our local competition,† said Yashiro. Fortunately, the bank had received JPY 240 billion in public funds, and was able to start business with a strong capital ratio3 of 12. %. 2 Banking services for individual customers 3 The capital ratio is the ratio of a bank’s equity to a risk-weighted sum of the bank’s assets. 2 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank 607-010 LTCB did not have much presence in retail banking, with only two dozen branches throughout Japan, while major commercial banks had several hundred branches. The bank sold debentures (instead of receiving deposits) to high net worth individuals, but those individuals conducted their banking transactions at other banks which had a broader branch network.Shinsei bank needed an entirely new business strategy, and that, decided Yashiro, would be to serve retail customers. To create a retail banking business from the ground up, Yashiro needed the help of a visionary and technologist. Dhananjaya â€Å"Jay† Dvivedi looked like the right man for the job. An experienced manager of technology and operations with whom Yashiro had worked at Citibank Japan during the 1990s,4 Dvivedi had an engineering background and sought to apply manufacturing principles to the development of the new IT infrastructure. Retail Banking BusinessThe traditional methods of retail banking in Japan were anything but convenient. Business hours ended at three o’clock in the afternoon (to allow time to reconcile computer system information with the databases), no ATM usage outside of business hours, fees for ATMs, no Internet banking, long lead times for new account openings, separate accounts for each type of financial product, and other inconveniences had been an unavoidable, bitter pill for people managi ng their money in Japan. Yashiro and Dvivedi, therefore, endeavored to offer an alternative.Shinsei would have to â€Å"wow† potential customers into switching over from other banks. They had to offer something â€Å"extra† to convince customers to bank at Shinsei. The way to do this, they felt, was through outstanding customer service. Customer Service Model Yashiro believed it was better standards of service, and innovation in services, that would ultimately attract customers to the bank. â€Å"We were new. If we didn’t have something new to offer, there would be no reason for customers to come to us,† said Sajeeve Thomas, head of Shinsei’s retail group.The goal of developing new and closer relationships with customers through unique products and services became central to Shinsei’s transformation. The shift to meeting the competitive requirements of a retail bank, however, proved to be a significant undertaking for an institution speciali zing in corporate financial work. For the transformation to be effective, speed, flexibility, and cost control were paramount. A complete overhaul of the IT system would be required in order to enable this. The new customer-service-based business strategy required a scalable and robust operational and technological infrastructure.Such an infrastructure would help the new business segments grow by supporting enhanced, high quality, 24Ãâ€"7 customer service, product innovation and volume growth. This process involved nothing short of a revolutionary approach to information technology. â€Å"Indeed,† said Yashiro, rather wistfully, â€Å"the real challenge of transformation was not in painting the end state but in choosing the means to reach it effectively. † 4 Their work at Citibank included a major turnaround of that company’s IT system in Japan during the 1990s. 3 607-010Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank Thinking about Technology at Shinsei â€Å"We quickly came to the conclusion that the systems that were used at the old LCTB were of almost no use to us,† recalled Yashiro, lamenting the realization that the extant mainframe infrastructure was actually an impediment to building new business at Shinsei. Its mainframes were overloaded, with no spare capacity, and they relied on separate and disparate networks which were tied closely to the old business model. Maintenance costs were unacceptably high due to locked-in contracts with vendors.The network capacity was inadequate and too expensive. At the same time, the operational processes were inefficient and full of multi-layered, repetitive paper trails. Mainframes were large room-sized computers based on models developed in the 1960s by computing giants like IBM and Fujitsu. For banks, with their enormous amounts of customer data, daily transactions involved collecting information from millions of accounts, transferring it to the mainframe computer at midnight, th en refreshing the data by batch processing for the following day.Dvivedi believed that mainframes imposed great risks onto businesses; since they held the total data in the organization and this meant that if anything happened to that one computer, the business would be temporarily disabled while the system was transferred to backup machines. It was safer to distribute risks by designing systems that linked several smaller computers, such as servers, together. Servers were much smaller computers, often as small as a pizza box, based on cheaper microprocessors and standard UNIX or Windows operating systems.Such smaller servers were often combined into clusters of many hundreds of devices and were thus not only cheaper, but also more scalable than mainframes as capacity could be added to the system in much smaller increments. In the past, almost all banks had run on mainframe-based computer systems, but â€Å"removing the mainframes created granularity within the system,† said Dvivedi. This drastically reduced hardware maintenance costs and allowed flexibility such that services and new products could easily be added to the system. Building a New SystemOnce he had a skilled team in place, Dvivedi focused on centralizing the operations and creating a functional organization. Investigation into traditional methods of large-scale systems implementation exposed the significant risks and difficulties in adapting a traditional, monolithic, mainframe-based system to the dynamism of Shinsei’s freshly rekindled businesses. Indeed, new technology requirements were being developed even as the new business plans took shape, and they would need a scalable IT system that could grow with and even more importantly, adapt to the business. Technology delivers the product to the customer,† affirmed Dvivedi. Information technology had to be used as a driver of business, and a source of new business, rather than as a support function. Dvivedi also believed that S hinsei should forge its own IT strategy, rather than follow the examples set by other banks, so that competitors might one day turn to Shinsei for advice. Dvivedi could have chosen a gradual approach to creating a new infrastructure by improving the existing technology and processes over time, replacing one system and process after another.This would have minimized disruption but would have taken too long. Alternatively, he could have attempted a â€Å"big-bang† approach, replacing the existing infrastructure with a completely new set of systems and processes in one fell swoop. This approach, however, was deemed too risky, too disruptive, and too expensive. As part of building the new infrastructure Dvivedi focused on parsimony in selecting standards. There would be one network protocol, one operating system, and one hardware platform. Dvivedi 4 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank 607-010 did not wait for consensus before moving to new standards.Choosing one set of standards, rather than allowing a patchwork of multiple standards to build up, helped keep the complexity low, which, in turn, made the system easier to manage. The skills needed to run and maintain this infrastructure were standard and people trained in them were easy to find. Instead of looking at the whole system, Dvivedi preferred to break it down into pieces. â€Å"How can we modularize pieces so they can be used again and again? † he asked. He believed that the key to success was to keep creating new elements and to introduce them into the system without stopping the enterprise.A caveat of this, however, was the challenge of keeping things safe and secure, yet not so locked-down that they became unchangeable. The approach that Yashiro and Dvivedi decided on was at once radical and accelerated, driven by the evolution of their new business strategy. It involved implementing, as needed, a new, modular operating infrastructure that operated initially in parallel wi th, but ultimately superseded, the existing infrastructure. Dvivedi’s Vision Dvivedi made choices not simply based on available technologies; rather, he focused first on the business problem that had to be solved.Once the problem was clearly identified, it was broken down into as many logical parts as possible. â€Å"We’d keep breaking down the elements until the solution was obvious,† said Sharma Subramanian, the IT group’s Planning and Coordination Officer. In addressing each element, the team looked to its toolkit of standard modules and components, and determined whether or not any appropriate solutions existed. If not, they went to the market and sought the missing piece of technology, looking specifically for its availability as a standard component.If it was not already available as a standard component, they would ask one of their partners to build the component. They would build it so that it was reusable. For a component to be reusable, it had t o have a clear specification of the function(s) it performed, as well as a standard interface into which other components or modules could connect. The various components were assembled and reused in order to build products and services for Shinsei’s customers, and 90% of the technology components were used by more than one product. To meet Yashiro’s andate, Dvivedi devised five basic guidelines that were to govern all work going forward. His approach addressed waste and unnecessary work, and the elimination thereof, to make processes more efficient. Every job done was evaluated on the basis of these five criteria: †¢ Speed – How fast can the work be done? The goal was to build a new IT system within 18 months of conception. Changes were made in small, frequent, and predictable steps. The use and re-use of standard components enabled the team to roll out new capabilities quickly and with minimal testing (since the components already had been tested in their previous context).Cost – How low can we keep costs? For example, Shinsei understood that they did not have to build everything from scratch. By combining a number of software packages, they were able to construct the new system in a very short time. For example, Shinsei used Intel-based, Windows servers and Oracle database servers on the back-end and off-the-shelf solutions on the front-end. They used standard Dell PCs running Windows. In the process, Shinsei became the largest bank running its back-end systems on a Windows platform.Capability – What new capabilities will IT enable? For example, to support multiple currencies and financial products for retail customers the old technology platform that handled deposits, loans and other services had to be changed. †¢ †¢ 5 607-010 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank †¢ Flexibility – How easily can the system be changed to respond to business needs? Dvivedi assumed that the business needs of the company would change over time and that the IT systems had to respond to this rather than prevent ecessary change as the mainframe system had done. The infrastructure needed to be expandable and robust enough to support the operation as volumes grew. Re-usable component-based architecture would enable flexibility. To make its services flexible, Shinsei used alerts, not reports, to manage workflow. Machinedriven prompts notified employees when work went unattended, demanding attention and action when required. Similarly, when making infrastructure decisions Yashiro made a point of focusing on the business objective, not the ‘as-is’ environment.Designing an infrastructure to support a new business objective had to begin with that objective in mind and not with Shinsei’s current capabilities. If the objective could be met without changing existing infrastructure then they would not change it. If elements of the existing infrastructure were made redunda nt by the new approach, then they would become irrelevant and be superseded over time. Flexibility meant not being inhibited by previous decisions. †¢ Safety – How secure is our system? Safety was built into the process by breaking down the problems into very small parts.Smaller elements meant a smaller piece of the project that went wrong if something were to fail. Furthermore, a number of small parts meant that each part could be tackled simultaneously to fix the problem more quickly. The approach to safety could be seen clearly in Dvivedi’s decision to leverage the public Internet. Back in 2000, Dvivedi met tremendous incredulity at the notion of using the Internet for internal banking transactions. Nevertheless, the Bank went with public Internet lines as opposed to leased lines.Public Internet technology allowed Shinsei to move work to any location, including lower-cost locations, such as India. ATMs, telephones, call centers, video, and data were also connec ted through public lines, at a fraction of the cost of leased lines. â€Å"We use the Internet in two ways, for transport both within and outside the company and we use it to run different elements of our processes. The key is to ensure that each activity or session is performed in a secure manner. We assume that everything will fail. The key task is to ensure there are no single points of failure.When components fail, we assume that staff will not notice or will be busy on something else. The safety must be passive, that is to say if one component fails, the work must seamlessly move to another component all without any intervention,† said Nobuyki Ohkawa. Ohkawa had decades of experience working on these problems and was the person Dvivedi assigned the task of designing and deploying the networks and machines on which Shinsei ran its business. To ensure that the data sent over the public Internet was kept secure, Shinsei encrypted all the data it transmitted.In addition, its networks were secured by deploying the latest in network technology and by a process of continuous monitoring for unauthorized intrusions and denial of service type attacks. Should there be any indication that an attack was attempted, the source of the attack was identified and actions taken to disable or block it. Most of all, however, Dvidedi relied simply on the fundamentals of the internet itself: â€Å"The Internet is anonymous. Your messages and our data travel over the same network in a random fashion. The anonymity is our first level of security†.Given these parameters and the scope of the undertaking, Yashiro and Dvivedi did not believe they could entrust the project to one hardware vendor. Also, the fluidity of the envisioned end-state made it difficult to engage an outside vendor economically. Yashiro and Dvivedi needed to reach out to external partners to get the resources and know-how that they envisioned, as applied to their projects. Partner companies in Dvive di’s native India proved to be a tremendous boon. 6 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank 607-010 Outsourced WorkDvivedi engaged multiple Indian firms to handle different parts of Shinsei’s information technology. This outsourced work focused on areas where internal development skills were lacking and where Dvivedi felt that they were not necessary for the bank to acquire. Thus, Dvivedi was free to pull together work groups of specialists without regard to their physical location. This was a major departure from existing practices in Japan, and proved to be a culture shock for the staff. In fact, Shinsei was the only company in Japan to use solely Indian software services.Nucleus Software, in Delhi, and Polaris Software Engineering, in Chennai, were two collaborators, as well as the larger Wipro and Tata Consultancy Services companies, in developing pieces of Shinsei’s financial software. By employing translators, Shinsei acquired best-of-breed e ngineers, and did not bother trying to teach them Japanese. They could remain in their respective silos, working on a portion of the Shinsei technology, without assimilation into Shinsei headquarters. In order to outsource work, Dvivedi and his team had to divide the work up into modular parts.Removing interdependencies was key as they believed that dependency slowed down the work; without dependency, people could work at their own speeds and avoid bottlenecks. For this reason, old systems maintenance was kept separate from new systems development. If unnecessary stress was placed on old systems, the entire system would become unstable and the speed at which new ones were developed would also be at risk. With each company, Shinsei worked to establish a relationship characterized as a â€Å"partnership† rather than one of a supplier.The bank worked with its partners without requiring competitive bids, avoiding traditional requirement documents such as RFPs (request for proposa l) or RFIs (request for information). Dvivedi believed that these were superfluous process steps that added unnecessary time and overhead work to the engagement. Furthermore, Shinsei did not enter into fixed-price contracts; on the contrary, engagements were quantified on a time-and-material basis. Implementation Shinsei moved from mainframes to a Windows-based platform, supported by a high-speed, lowcost, packet based network operated as an internal utility.They centralized the decentralized, but made sure that everything was modular and highly flexible. Organizational silos were broken down in order to integrate processes. â€Å"We have learned to deliver precision where needed rather than trying to be precise in all things,† said Yashiro. Despite the carefully constructed approach to assembling the guiding principles for the company’s IT strategy both Yashiro and Dvivedi knew that just as many, if not more, IT transformation projects failed during implementation.As such, they spent a substantial amount of time creating principles to guide the implementation process. †¢ Parity – Parity allowed the old and new systems to coexist in parallel. Dvivedi believed that employees should choose to use the new system if it were placed in front of them. He did not want to appear as though he was convincing people to use the new technology. He told employees: â€Å"We will not change – but we will change the technology. † He believed the new systems should function much the same as their predecessors, and possess the same look and feel even if this mimicry resulted in extra cost.At the same time the new system should provide new capabilities so that employees would be excited about using them. As comfort with the new systems increased, the old systems were removed. Dvivedi mused: â€Å"Nothing must change for change to happen. † 7 607-010 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank †¢ Incremental steps â€⠀œ The smaller the changes, the lower the degree of disruption in the bank. The work was done on multiple parallel paths; development occurred in rapid, short cycles, with progressive delivery of requirements.As components were tested, they were implemented and reused if they fulfilled their objectives or they were promptly discarded if they did not work. Incremental steps also kept the system accessible as changes could be made on an almost continuous basis. Inclusiveness – Yashiro believed that the business strategy must always drive infrastructure change, and it was therefore imperative that senior managers be closely involved in the technology transformation. Said Yashiro: â€Å"I have learned that technology and operations are not just support functions.They also offer capabilities that can open up new strategic opportunities and businesses for us. † Transparency – Dvivedi tried to keep the technology transparent to the customer, such that the customer woul d not notice anything different when the technology changed. This would allow Shinsei to remain flexible in its technology choices at no inconvenience or disruption to the customer. Ironically, this required great discipline. Dvivedi had to resist advertising the new technology because, as he said, â€Å"the moment you say ‘this is going to improve things for you,’ you create a dependency. Dvivedi felt this was important so that the bank would be free to pick and choose its technology as systems changed, while the customer would experience only consistent service. Paperless – Any paper generated had to be checked, filed, and secured while the absence of paper made work distribution easier. Paper intensive, manual processes were replaced with a nearly paperless environment. A room dedicated to scanning services received all incoming paper correspondence and invoices. Such paper documents were scanned and then filed electronically.The paper documents did not move any further into the office than that initial receiving room. After that, everything was accessible online. †¢ †¢ †¢ All of these efforts supported Yashiro’s principle of minimizing the change required of people. Making new systems look as similar to old ones as possible, and allowing the two to co-exist in parallel, were necessary to minimize the disruption of Shinsei’s employees. Furthermore, they did not set formal replacement dates for any of the new systems they implemented.Instead, they performed parallel runs with reconciliation to ensure proper functioning of the new system. They repeated this process for as long as was necessary until they were sure that the employees were comfortable with the new systems. Only then did they turn off the old system. Getting Results Shinsei’s key success was in assembling the building blocks of its new infrastructure. The entire retail bank system was implemented faster than planned and well below budget. In the end, Shinsei achieved rejuvenation in one year (instead of the projected three years) and at 90% less than the riginal cost estimate. The cost of the overhaul totaled $50 million, while other banks in Japan had paid ten times this amount for similar initiatives. The success of the system transformation enabled 24Ãâ€"7 multiple channel access to customers rather than a single channel service that was only available from 9am to 3pm. In addition, they were able to obtain real-time balances from these channels, and roll out new products quickly by leveraging standard building blocks that were already in place. Management controls were also significantly improved through the new system.The old 6-day reporting cycle – characterized by chronically late financial ledger data – was replaced with a daily one, with the added ability to provide customer and product profitability tracking data on demand. 8 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank 607-010 They w ere also able to perform continuous reconciliation on all accounts and standardized what were non-standard, non-documented procedures. New Services â€Å"We have a very specific value proposition for customers,† incoming CEO Thierry Porte said. It’s based on convenience, ease of use, empowering customers, offering things on a low-cost basis, so our ATM system is free and we also offer free Internet transfers. At the same time, we offer high-quality products and services. † One of these new services was an innovative branch operation featuring â€Å"cashless tellers. † Dvivedi believed that a key tenet of the customer service model was the interaction between staff and customers. To enhance this interaction both paper and cash had to be eliminated from the hands of the branch staff.Paper and cash, Dvivedi felt, were â€Å"avoidable distractions† that merely got in the way of superior customer service. In eliminating paper and cash, the staff was abso lved of the traditional duties of cash-counting and receipt-printing, and could solely service the customer. Indeed, the bank’s branch services were entirely self-completed; the staff was present only to provide assistance as needed. All transactions took place online, at Internet portals in the branch. The transaction could take place anywhere, however, that the customer was connected to the Internet.Online-only transactions effectively eliminated paper from the system, and also allowed the customer to be responsible for his own transactions. The customer was asked to double-check each transaction before authorizing it. This greatly reduced the frequency of errors. Cash was available from the branch’s ATM machines; staff guided the customers to use the ATMs for both withdrawing and depositing cash. If a customer did not have his ATM card, a staff member would electronically transfer the desired sum from the customer’s account into a teller’s account, and then retrieve the cash for the customer from the ATM.ATMs Most Japanese banks charged fees of 100 to 300 yen, when ATMs were used in the evenings or on weekends, or when customers withdrew money from other banks. Shinsei, to make up for its limited branch network, allowed customers to use ATMs any time free of charge. This distinguished Shinsei from other Japanese banks. Shinsei saw this as a way to attract customers to the bank at very low cost, for they did not have to expand their branch network in order to connect with their customers; they could do it through ATMs. The operating cost of the ATMs was relatively low.In 2001, Shinsei offered a new service enabling customers to withdraw cash free of charge from ATMs outside of Japan – 650,000, to be exact, in 120 different countries, through the PLUS system offered by Visa International. Citibank also offered no-fee use of international ATMs, but was part of the CIRRUS MasterCard network, which had only 530,000 ATMs in abou t 100 countries. Hours Shinsei kept its branches open on weekends and holidays in order to offer services such as same-day account openings, targeting customers who might be too busy to visit the bank during the week.Shinsei used its computer system – operated nonstop – to enable the processing of new accounts and other applications in the same day. Other financial institutions followed suit and began staying open on Saturday and Sunday, but services were limited to mortgages and asset management consulting. Anything that required the computer system could only take place during the week as their systems shut down on the weekends. Shinsei’s branch hours of 10am to 8pm every single day of the year (except New Year’s Day) enabled ustomers to do any type of banking, including sale of mutual funds and insurance policies, at their own convenience. 9 607-010 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank Looking Back Yoshikazu Sato, a senior member of th e Technology team at Shinsei, who worked closely with Dvivedi, revealed the apparent simplicity of Shinsei’s model: â€Å"If you stand back and examine what we have done, there is nothing unique about it. The principles we follow have been around for years. Describe what we do to a manufacturing engineer and he may well remark, ‘what’s so special about it? ’ Anybody can buy what we buy.Deconstructing a problem until a standard component can be used, or using low-cost, easily available materials (in our case Dell PCs and Windows software) has been practiced for decades,† he said. â€Å"What makes us different is our ability to focus on applying these principles repeatedly with persistence and without deviation. The manufacturing industry has been moving its operations to the lowest cost and most effective locations for decades. We have replicated it in our use of virtual organizations; people with skills needed for our work are connected in from whe rever they are located.Not having to move people around saved us time, money and gave us an extremely scalable capability,† said Pieter Franken, the architect and designer of Shinsei’s core systems. â€Å"My key task is to ensure that as we do all of this, we are also institutionalizing the work we have done and to continuously expand the technical team to take up all this work,† said Dvivedi. Looking Forward Dvivedi’s â€Å"institutionalization† of Shinsei’s system development process forced the team to think about applications of the model in the future, as well as what challenges lay ahead.Shinsei was focused on growing by acquisition and, for those acquired businesses, the objective was to change the technology and process platform to enable rapid new product roll-outs and to build better quality services. The ability to do this at lower cost would create a significant competitive advantage. â€Å"Our focus is to be able to support all t he Shinsei businesses for their Information Technology needs and help them achieve the same level of technology now being employed by Shinsei Bank,† said Dvivedi. â€Å"We can add value to our businesses with our strength and know-how. In 2006, Thierry Porte succeeded Yashiro as President and CEO of Shinsei. â€Å"Thierry has a clear vision of where he is guiding Shinsei,† noted Dvivedi. â€Å"He has outlined a growth plan for our key businesses that will require us to scale up for much higher volumes, and support a whole range of new functions and features to facilitate the launch of new products and services. † As CEO, Porte was well-aware of how Shinsei’s technology would enable his plans for the bank. â€Å"Our technology is a door-opener for new business opportunities.If we can get our customers in other industries interested in the approach we take to technology design and deployment, to look at the kind of capabilities and services we can help the m build, it will be a unique way to position ourselves and grow our core business of banking. If we can do this it will expand our franchise and be a source of additional revenues,† said Porte. Dvivedi’s Response After a night of reflection the time had come to respond to Porte’s request. Dvivedi opened an email and began typing†¦ 10

Alcohol Consumption in the US Essay - 1154 Words

Binge drinking and alcohol consumption amongst US college students and US adults has proven that it is extremely dangerous and is responsible for many deaths. Therefore, there needs to be an tremendous change in the amount of alcohol consumption in the US, and with this change there will be an explicit alteration of the amount of alcohol intake. The first article that was chosen is named, â€Å"Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks: Consumption Patterns and Motivations for Use in U.S. College Students.† This article written by Cecile A. Marczinski, and discusses the, â€Å"new popular trend of consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED)† (Marczinski 1). It touches many topics of how numerous deaths and injuries occur each year due to alcohol†¦show more content†¦In this essay there will be many articles in â€Å"conversation† with one another, all of them discussing the consumption, the effects, and outcomes of alcohol. In â€Å"Alcohol Mixed with Ener gy Drinks: Consumption Patterns and Motivations for Use in U.S. College Students†, written by Cecile A. Marczinski, states that, â€Å"Binge drinking in college students is wide spread and known to cause significant harms and health hazards for the drinker.† This has proven true and is a major problem even on UNC Chapel Hill’s campus. The amount of alcohol consumption on UNC Chapel Hill’s campus is nonsensical and has proven to be an extreme problem. During the interview I posed a question to Ann Wooten, Head of Chi Omega sorority at UNC Chapel Hill, asking, â€Å"Is alcohol consumption at UNC Chapel Hill as bad as many may think, and what do you view as the major problem within Chi Omega?† She responded by saying, â€Å"Yes, alcohol consumption at UNC Chapel Hill has been a major problem and is creating an excessive amount of problems at the university. The major problem within Chi Omega, as well as, all the other sororities is the fact the girls are so adamant in trying to drink as much as the boys. This creates even more problems because girls cannot consume as much as boys but they feel like they can or should. This makes them drink excessively and generate harm to themselves or others.† With this statement she proves the point that binge drinking and alcohol abuse isShow MoreRelatedSmoking Drinking As A Social Problem1682 Words   |  7 Pagesunits of alcohol in a single session for men, and more than six units for women (NHS, 2014). Over the years alcohol has caused many social and political debates in regards to whether it is a â€Å"social evil† or if the individual who makes the conscious choice to drink it, is the real deviant. It’s clear to see that alcohol will always be a dominating factor in society if we think alcohol consumption is a 21st-century modern phenomenon then we are mistaken. The first organized campaign about alcohol consumptionRead MoreShould There Be Legal Age For Drinking Alc ohol? Essay750 Words   |  3 Pagesthere be legal age for drinking alcohol? there is always a question that why alcohol is not banned .alcohol have destroyed many lives and it is still destroying .youngsters find it cool to drink alcohol so they get easily get attracted to it .when a person drinks alcohol he loses his control on himself .if a person is alcoholic the chances a person can commit crime increases. Alcohol should be ban because it is destroying our youngsters, health and psychological. Alcohol is the worst a person can beRead MoreWhy The Drinking Age During The U.s. Should Be Lowered1300 Words   |  6 Pagesage is an important milestone for a US resident because it is the legal age for independence, allowing the individual to make his or her decisions regarding tobacco smoking, driving and even joining the armed forces while being treated as an adult by the justice system. While this statement is essentially accurate, it is untrue concerning the ability to purchase a nd drink alcohol. This is because the US law has set the threshold for alcohol purchase and consumption at 21 years of age (Mistral 1980)Read MoreAlcoholism And Hypertension : The Rising Concerns Of National And Global Health Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Alcohol and hypertension are two rising concerns in national and global health. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2014), 56.9% of adults in the United States have participated in drinking in the last month. Furthermore, 24.7% adults reported to participating in heavy or binge drinking. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that in 2012, 3.3 million deaths or 5.9% of all global deaths were linked to alcohol consumption and within the UnitedRead MoreMeholic Alcohol Case Study1611 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol Use Among Hispanic College Students Along the US/Mexico Border This study was created to observe and gather knowledge of the alcohol use among Hispanic college students along the US/Mexico border. It was successful with the help of two hundred and ninety-six participants. The hypotheses include, males tend to consume alcohol more often and in more quantity when compared to females. The methods the author used included the two hundred and ninety-six Hispanic college students who took placeRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol During Athletic Activities816 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol has many negative effects on those who participate in athletic activities. The NCAA warns â€Å"Excessive alcohol can lead to loss in balance and coordination, reduced reaction time, and increased appetite. The decline in cognitive function can lead to an increase in sports-related injuries† (SCAN Registered Dietitians, 2013). This only scratches the surface of negative effects. Drinking alcohol prior to an athletic event often leads to dehydration which causes problem s such as â€Å"increased coreRead MoreLowering The Drinking Age From 21 Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pagessubjecting themselves to excessive amounts of alcohol at illegal ages, and the consequences are evident all around us. Every year over 5,000 kids under the age of 21 die from alcohol abuse, 1 in 5 10th graders will resort to binge drinking, and alcohol continues to damage developing teen brains (Let’s Stop Teen Drinking Tragedies). While they may not be seen in night clubs in bars, people between the ages of 18 and 21 are subjecting themselves to unsafe usage of alcohol in private or at high school partiesRead MoreAdverse Effect Of Alcohol Consumption1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adverse Effect of Alcohol Consumption In Whiting S. Albert’s article â€Å"Alcohol Use Is Harmful† he stated that alcohol is a chemical that contains hydrogen and carbon. Whiting stated further that the active ingredient of alcohol is ethyl alcohol, which is also known as ethanol. Alcohol is one of the few things that human being consume that do not need digestion. Alcohol appears the bloodstream immediately, thus, its intoxicating effects are felt instantly (1). â€Å"High levels of mortality, morbidityRead MoreThe Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping St1529 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping Styles, and Family Alcoholism on Alcohol Consumption Research Proposal by Josh Robbins 100-928-594 November 26, 1996 Economics 143 Abstract One large component of American popular culture today is alcohol. A common stereotype for the effects of alcohol is that as a drug it acts as a stress antagonist. This theory was introduced by Conger (1956) as the Tension Reduction Hypothesis (TRW)Read MoreAssignment 1 Essay example686 Words   |  3 PagesWorking Papers. In the Google search space, type alcohol. Use the titles and summaries of the papers to answer the following questions relating to elasticity: (a) Do the mentally ill have perfectly inelastic demands for cigarettes and alcohol? Elasticity helps us define the relationship of changes in price and incomes to the effect of supply and demand. The question posed is: do the mentally ill have perfectly inelastic demands for cigarettes and alcohol? First, we must define what perfectly inelastic