Analysis of Success Factors in the World Toy Industry Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The last but equally important success factor that can be associated with the toy industry is the type of toy that a particular company produces. According to quote (year), consumer behavior in the toy industry is shifted towards a part where there is a repeated endorsement for types of toys, which remains the order for buyers for a very long time. In the report by Key Note (2014), this is confirmed by a modern trend where tablets for children seem to have taken the place of traditional toys. Dynamism in production can, therefore, be noted as a perfect solution in the current endeavor by ensuring that toy manufacturing companies will look into ways by which they can incorporate features of the tablet technology into their products if they are to succeed in the UK market (quote). What are Green Toy s competitive advantages in the international toy market? 2 [184]In any competitive market, companies need the competitive advantage to win the favor of available consumers over their comp etitors (quote). This means that having competitive advantage makes it possible to survive in any competitive market (quote). We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Success Factors in the World Toy Industry or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Reading about Green Toy Inc. , an impression that is developed is that the company has benefited immensely from its brand equity. Meanwhile, brand equity is identified as a major competitive advantage, that makes companies and their brands identifiable to consumers (quote). Emphasising on how brand equity serves as a competitive advantage, quote (year) explained that consumers always wish for there to be variations on the market. But as the variety becomes many, they become skeptical on which products guarantee the quality they want. In a situation like this, these consumers tend to fall on companies with long-standing names in the industry from which they are buying from. This means that brand equity is a competitive advantage that older companies use over relatively new companies.

Common Gastrointestinal ( Gi ) Medical Emergency - 1424 Words

Pathophysiology Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) medical emergency that occurs in neonates. Although it commonly affects premature babies, it can happen in term babies as well. It usually occurs during the first two to four weeks of life in premature babies and in one to three days for up to one month in term babies. For the premature babies, their organs are not fully developed and it puts them at risk for disease. It is an acute inflammatory disease that is characterized by damage to the intestinal tract and can range from mucosal injury (the lining of the intestines), to full thickness necrosis (where the tissue dies) and perforation (where there is a hole in the intestine. The exact cause is unknown but some ideas are that babies have underdeveloped intestines, there may have been too little oxygen or blood flow to the intestines, injury to the intestinal tract, a heavy growth of bacteria in the intestines that erodes the intestinal wall, a nd formula feedings. Although NEC can occur anywhere in the intestines and colon, it commonly affects the terminal ileum (where the small intestine connects to the large intestine) and the proximal ascending colon. Assessment A baby with NEC may present with one or more of the following signs or symptoms: a swollen, red, or tender belly, that increased in girth; a feeding intolerance; delayed gastric emptying; decreased bowel sounds; constipation, diarrhea or bloody stools; a low or unstableShow MoreRelatedThe Inflammatory Bowel Disorder Known As Crohn s Disease ( Cd )1291 Words   |  6 PagesUlcerative Colitis, but it is much less common and it can affect both the large and small intestines. 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Invagination of 1 portion of the GI tract (intussusceptum) into the lumen of another (intussuscipiens); this is often referred to as the target sign when seen in the transverse plane because of the multiple layers of adjacent intestinal walls. Figure 3. Ultrasound of small intestinalRead MoreTaking a Look at Crohns Disease1552 Words   |  6 Pagesmay show a lack of interest in the social aspect of life due to illness, and may demonstrate these traits to avoid embarrassment. Jobs and work life have to be comprised, for example patients need to have bathroom timeouts as well as always have emergency bag ready. Nutritional aspects have to comprise due to the illness. There will need to be a high intake of fruits and vegetables for adequate nutritional intake. Certain fruits and vegetables like strawberries due to the small seeds and apples becauseRead MoreAutonomic Dysreflexia2559 Words   |  11 Pagesfunction below the level of injury. 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Shermans Army An Examination Of The March To The Essay Example For Students

Sherman?s Army: An Examination Of The March To The Essay Sea And BeyondShermans Army:An Examination of The March to the Sea and BeyondThe Civil War is arguably the most interesting and enigmatic subject in American history. Even after rigorous study of the topic, it is difficult to fully comprehend the motives for the war. Part of this is because of the inherent complexity of the conflict, but it can also be attributed to the manner about which it is written historically. Much of the military history of the Civil War concerns itself with the broad tactics and strategies of the armies. Historians often focus solely on the command structure of the respective forces, and lump the soldiers under those commands in one group. An exception to this is Joseph T. Glathaars work, The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. The title of Glathaars work is misleading it implies that it is just another military history. Glathaar, however, examines Shermans march through the lenses of the common soldier, making the work more of a social history. Glathaar uses the diaries and journals of the enlisted men and junior officers to scrutinize their views of battle, their reasons for fighting, blacks, southern whites, camp life, foraging and pillaging, and the march itself. Glathaar makes it clear that he is not seeking to pass judgment on the participants of one of the most controversial military campaigns in history:My objective, however, is neither to condemn nor condone the behavior of Sherman and his men. As I see it, my job is not to cast moral judgment upon the conduct of others; rather, it is to ascertain exactly what they did and understand why they did it. Glathaar introduces the subject with a brief overview of the political and military situation in early 1864. The Army of the Potomac had experienced a series of military defeats, and President Lincoln had lost faith in several of his highest military commanders, resulting in their termination. Most notable among these was General McClellan, who accepted the Democratic nomination for President in 1864. It appeared as though the failures of the Army of the Potomac would essentially take the Presidency away from the Republicans until General Shermans successful Atlanta campaign. Therefore, the March to the Sea was not only strategically important in a military sense; its success or failure could determine the political leadership of the entire Union. Necessarily, Glathaar also conducts an abbreviated examination of General Shermans character and his relationship with Ulysses S. Grant. Grant and Sherman had forged over the course of several years a strong friendship and a high-level working relationship that was probably unequaled in military history. Their relationship stemmed from their common backgrounds (geographic and education ) and their abhorrence for military pomp and circumstance; both Sherman and Grant believed that the militarys primary purpose was to wage war, not to parade. Their most significant bond, however, was their sordid backgrounds. Sherman had suffered a nervous breakdown early in the war, while Grant had combated alcoholism. Throughout the war, their peers consistently challenged their capabilities, which only strengthened their friendship and resolution to succeed. Indeed, Sherman once remarked that, He Grant stood by me when I was crazy and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now sir, we stand by each other always. After the brief scrutiny of Union command, Glathaar focuses primarily on the attitudes and experiences of the common soldier, only invoking Shermans name to indicate the reverence the army had for their commander. Glathaar first establishes the composition of Shermans Army. Sherman amassed an army primarily composed of veterans, as:Sherman realized from the start that in c ampaigns to Savannah and through the Carolinas the burdens were going to shift from headquarters to lower-grade officers and enlisted men. Once the march began, success would depend on the ability of company-level soldiers to perform critical tasks independent of high-level officer supervision. As the army was composed primarily of soldiers and officers with several years of service, Shermans troops had more campaign experience than any other Federal Army. In a random sample, Glathaar determines that over 50 percent of Shermans captains and 90 percent of the lieutenants had served in the war as enlisted men, which increased the troops confidence in command. The troops also underwent a grueling physical prior to the Savannah campaign to weed out those soldiers unfit for the expected rigors of the march. The result was that those selected for the campaign had increased morale. The veteran composition of Shermans army and the resulting high morale were largely responsible for different iating Shermans men from the Army of the Potomac. The majority of men involved in the Savannah and Carolina campaigns had faced combat; this necessarily led to the heightened sense of respect and camaraderie indicative of Shermans troops. In addition, Shermans Army was far from the District of Columbia. This distance made the army less vulnerable to the political constraints that faced the Army of the Potomac, which was constantly conducting drills and parades for the entertainment of Washington bureaucrats and politicians. Glathaar illustrates the disparity between Shermans Army and the Army of the Potomac in his introduction:The army that marched with Shermanwas vastly different from the Army of the Potomac. Shermans was an army of veterans, men who had learned the art of soldiering through several years of actual campaigning. Nearly all the troops had received their training in the West, where prolonged campaigns, lengthy marches, supply shortages, and success in battle were the rule rather than the exceptionAt the expense of rigid discipline, precision drills, and tidy appearance, all trademarks of the Army of the Potomac, Shermans command developed a sense of self-reliancebased on several years of active campaigning. The high morale indicative of Shermans army can also be attributed to the soldiers keen awareness of whom and for what they were fighting. The overarching sentiment in the army of veterans was patriotism; it follows that the majority of soldiers fought for the restoration of the Union. Glathaar uses excerpts from soldiers diaries to establish their view of the cause. Consider this statement from a soldier that admitted he would never tirn my back to a reb as long as I have two armes to fight, :An we now like true Soldier go determed not to yeal one inch rather than yeal. We will Stane this Suthrn Soil with our blood. And leave meney of our boddyes there in memory of the day that we Stood like a Stone wall and fight to the last to Conquer this Rebelien or Die. It is interesting to note that the majority of Shermans men did not fight for the purpose of emancipation. In fact, many were unapologetic about their racism. Only after witnessing the barbarism of slavery during the Savannah and Carolina campaigns did their attitudes toward the institution change. Indeed, most troops began to see emancipation as a powerful tool in crushing secession. Glathaar also discusses the election of 1864, and how it related to the cause. Shermans army abhorred the Copperheads, and vehemently supported Lincolns reelection. It was commonplace for the troops to discuss the political situation around the campfire after a long day of campaigning. The idea that Abraham Lincoln had come to represent the struggle to preserve the Union, is evidenced by the polling data. In states where election returns were available, a staggering 86 percent of soldiers cast their ballot for Lincoln. Indeed, many of Shermans soldiers feared that McClellan would end the war without any resolution. One soldier wrote to his girlfriend, If McClellan gets the reins he will have peace sooner than Abe, but by letting them have their slaves. Then we can fight them again in ten years. But let Old Abe settle it, and it is always settled. While Shermans Army did not have incredibly favorable opinions of Blacks, they loathed Southern whites even more. The soldiers not only believed that the educated class of the South had caused the war, they also saw that the same class was responsible for the social stratification of the region. A member of Shermans staff wrote, Talk about negro slavery! If we havent seen white slaves from Atlanta to Goldsboro, I dont know what the word means. Interestingly, the armys hatred of the whole of Southern aristocracy did not prevent some of the men from forming intimate relationships with women who were not spoken for. Perhaps the most controversial subject broached by Glathaar is the pillaging and destruction wrought by She rmans Army. The destruction that Shermans men left in their wake has been somewhat exaggerated and demonized by popular culture. In truth, the mobile nature of Shermans campaign prevented the establishment of viable supply lines, and made foraging for food and supplies a necessary endeavor. Shermans plan of selective destruction was designed to make the South feel the hard hand of war. The destruction of railways and private property was not only aimed at the defeat of the Confederate army, but also had to break the will of the Southern people to resist Federal authority. In a review of Glathaars work, Richard M. McMurry stresses the importance of this distinction:Freed from the necessity of daily fighting, Shermans men could concentrate upon their main mission the wrecking of the Souths infrastructure, especially its railroads, and the crippling of the rebels will to continue the war. By demonstrating both the helplessness of the Confederate government and the danger and suffering to which continued fighting would expose the families of southern soldiers, Shermans march helped to demoralize the rebel armies. Glathaar does not make pillaging and destruction the focal point of his work, however. His intent is to offer an expansive social history of the men who participated in Shermans march. In his introduction, Glathaar indicates that only one scholar before him had undertaken a similar task. Bell Irvin Wiley authored the classic The Life of Billy Yank, which Glathaar considers the starting point for all work on the common soldier. Yet, Wileys work failed to examine thoroughly Shermans Army. Indeed, The Life of Billy Yank has less than two dozen references to Shermans men, instead focusing on the Army of the Potomac. A more recent publication, James M. McPhersons For Cause and Conflict, also concentrated on the social history of the Civil War. Contrary to Glathaar, McPhersons work has a definite thesis: that the men who fought in the Civil War maintained thei r convictions throughout the conflict, and remained stringently attached to the principles of liberty, freedom, and justice. A review of McPhersons work illustrates his thesis further:Soldiers on both sides harkened back to the Founding Fathers, and the ideals of the American Revolution. They fought to defend their country, either the Unionthe best Government ever madeor the Confederate states, where their very homes and families were under siege. And they fought to defend their honor and manhood. I should not lik to go home with the name of a couhard, one Massachusetts private wrote, and another private from Ohio said, My wife would sooner hear of my death than my disgrace. Even after three years of bloody battles, more than half of the Union soldiers reenlisted voluntarily. While duty calls me here and my country demands my services I should be willing to make the sacrifice, one man wrote to his protesting parents. And another soldier said simply, I still love my country. Though M cPherson and Glathaar both make extensive use of the journals and letters of the common soldier, McPherson addresses the soldiers motivations for fighting without broaching more controversial subjects like slavery and racism. Indeed, Glathaar and McPhersons works differ not only in content, but also in the messages each seeks to convey. McPherson is wholly intent on establishing the reasons men fought in the war; Glathaar also establishes the cause, but only as a means of establishing the sociology of Shermans Army:Against this background of the veteran character of Shermans army, I have attempted to develop several peripheral themes. First, the plethora of campaign studies havestripped away much of the reality of warfare. War as seen from a headquarters field tent, although important in understanding the campaign or battle, is very different from war from a soldiers perspective. Glathaar is not the first to investigate Shermans Army, however. The difference between his work and tha t of most other historians is his synthesis of the motivations and feelings of the common soldier within the larger context of Shermans march to the sea. In a review of Glathaars work, John T. Hubbell indicates that Glathaar stresses the role of the enlisted man versus those in high command. Hubbell writes: Others (most notably B.H. Liddell-Hart and Lloyd Lewis) have focused on Sherman and the grand strategy that lead to the sweep through Gerogia and the Carolinas. Though important, such studies necessarily lose the perspective of the soldiers who fought the war and are to that extent unrealistic in their portrayal of the war. In another review of the work, John C. Barrett praises Glathaar for his endeavor. Barrett writes that, The in-depth look at the common soldiers who marched with Sherman marks this volumes contribution to Civil War literature. Glathaar is the first historian not only to record fully what these veterans did, but why they did it. Richard McMurry also concedes tha t Glathaars work is deserved of a place in American history: Glathaar has produced a fine volume that adds greatly to our knowledge of nineteenth-century Americans and their role in the Civil War. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns certainly has historiographical merit. Glathaar offers a fascinating work that succeeds in entertaining and educating the reader. Through his extensive research on the pervasive attitudes of Shermans soldiers, Glathaars work humanizes the army and enlightens the reader. The sheer complexity of the war becomes apparent through the work, yet certainly gives the reader a greater understanding of the greatest conflict in American history. Works Cited1. Barrett, John G. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. The American Historical Review 91, no. 2 (1986): 469. 2. For Cause and Conflict. Civil War Book Review. n.d., http://www.civilwarbookreview.com (5 Decemb er 2000). Cinderelmo Essay3. Glathaar, Joseph T. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. New York: New York University Press. 1985. 4. Hubbell, John T. Atlanta to the Sea. Reviews in American History. 14, no. 3 (1986): 377-381. 5. McMurry, Richard M. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. The Journal of Southern History. 52, no. 3 (1986): 468.

The Thief and the Dogs Essay Example For Students

The Thief and the Dogs Essay Isolation is a very important theme highlighted by the dark imagery in the novels. Isolation, in this context, refers to alienation from the society and the world. In Broken April, Kadare uses dark images to portray the feeling of isolation in Gjorgs mind and from his society. For e. g. the use of darkness in the lines Suddenly, on the highroad, with the night coming on, he was seized by a dark premonition claim the protection due to a guest5, show that Gjorg felt as if he was separated from the world. He was blinded by the darkness and he felt isolated because there was not a house, not a living soul around him from whom he could claim protection. Furthermore, when he was dying, he thinks of the black ox6, which still had not been sold. Here, the author is comparing Gjorg to the black ox. Black signifies isolation. Gjorg, like the black ox, was isolated from society and there was nothing he could do about it. Similarly, isolation is another important aspect of Saids character, which is constantly symbolized by darkness. We will write a custom essay on The Thief and the Dogs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For e.g. the image of darkness in the line Through the open door its thick darkness unrelieved by a single glimmer of light7, shows that Said felt that he was like the wasteland. A wasteland signifies a barren, empty stretch of land and it is a metaphor, which signifies Saids status in society. He too was like a wasteland, empty, isolated and distanced from the society. Also, the mention of darkness in the line Suddenly the blinding light went out and the firing stopped all the world seemed gripped in a strange stupefaction. 8, implies that death had once and for all alienated him from the world by taking him away from it. The dark imagery, in this case, is symbolic of death and alienation. In addition to the symbols of fear and isolation, loneliness is another important theme that darkness is symbolic of. The authors have portrayed the protagonists as lonely and abandoned people. In Broken April, Gjorg was compelled to kill the member of the Kryeqyqe family, and after that he spent his 30-day truce on his own, submerged in his loneliness. In the Kulla of Orosh, he was alone and was left in semi-darkness9 with unknown people around him. Although the 74 towers in the Plateau were a place of refuge, they made Gjorg feel lonely, scattered, dark and forbidden10 because he would be there all by himself until Aprildeath i. e. the day he was to be killed. Similarly, in The Thief and the Dogs, the author has used darkness to portray Saids loneliness. For e. g. the darkness in the lines The shadows are lengthening now but you cant switch on the light. 11 show that he felt lonely waiting alone at Nurs house because he had no companionship. In addition, the silence of the graves made him feel even more lost and instilled fear and loneliness in his mind. Furthermore, the lines Youll have to put up with the dark, the silence, and the loneliness- for as long as the world refuses to change its naughty ways12, implies that he felt the world had abandoned him and he had no option but to face the fact that he was lonely in this world. His ideals and concepts were different from the rest of society and according to him until the world does not change its ideals, he will always be lonely, isolated and scared. Also, the image of darkness in the lines in deep despair, delirious in the silence and dark sleep finally overcame him. 13, show that after Nur had suddenly disappeared he felt even more lonely and lost, since now he had no one to talk to, to confide in, to make love to and no one who cared for him. In conclusion, we can see the predominant use of darkness in these two novels, and how they are used to depict the protagonists state of mind. .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .postImageUrl , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:hover , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:visited , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:active { border:0!important; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:active , .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27958d20fb928e5d94f2f83587aed03b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: GCSE Coursework - Romeo and Juliet coursework EssayThe protagonists relate most of their thoughts to darkness. They view everything in a dark manner. Their feelings, thoughts and actions are all a reflection of their dark minds. Isolation from society has leaded them to view the world as a dull place to live in. The author has used the image of darkness to relate to their thoughts and feelings because dark objects are referred to as gloomy, shadowy and dull objects. Likewise, Gjorg and Said have very gloomy, dull and depressed lives.

How the Romans Voted in the Roman Republic

How the Romans Voted in the Roman Republic The vote was almost a side issue. When Servius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome, reformed the tribal system of Rome, giving the vote to men who had not been members of the three original tribes, he increased the number of tribes and assigned people to them on the basis of geographic location rather than kinship ties. There were at least two main reasons for the extension of the suffrage, to increase the tax body and to add to the rolls of young men suitable for the military. Over the next couple of centuries, more tribes were added until there were 35 tribes in 241 B.C. The number of tribes remained stable and so new citizens were assigned to one of the 35 no matter where they lived. So much is pretty clear. Details are not so sure. For instance, we dont know whether Servius Tullius established any of the rural tribes or just the four urban ones. The importance of the tribes was lost when citizenship was extended to all free people in A.D. 212 by the terms of Constitutio Antoniniana. Posting Issues Roman assemblies were called to vote after notice of issues had been publicized. A magistrate published an edict in front of a contio (a public gathering) and then the issue was posted on a tablet in white paint, according to the University of Georgias Edward E. Best. Did Majority Rule? Romans voted in a couple of different groupings: by a tribe and by centuria (century). Each group, tribe or centuria had one vote. This vote was decided by majority vote of the constituents of said group (tribe or tribe or centuria), so within the group, each members vote counted as much as anyone elses, but not all groups were equally important. Candidates, who were voted on together even when there were multiple positions to fill, were counted as elected if they received the vote of one-half of the voting groups plus one, so if there were 35 tribes, the candidate won when he had received the support of 18 tribes. Polling Place Saepta (or ovile) is the word for the voting space. In the late Republic, it was an open wooden pen with probably 35 roped-off sections. It had been on the Campus Martius. The number of divisions is thought to have corresponded with the number of tribes. It was in the general area that both tribal groups and comitia centuriata held elections. At the end of the Republic, a marble structure replaced the wooden one. The Saepta would have held about 70,000 citizens, according to Edward E. Best. The Campus Martius was the field dedicated to the war god, and lay outside the sacred border or Pomoerium of Rome, as Classicist Jyri Vaahtera points out, which is significant because, in early years, Romans may have attended the assembly in arms, which didnt belong in the city. Voting was also held in the forum. Centuriate Voting Assembly The centuriae may also have been started by the 6th king or he might have inherited and augmented them. The Servian centuriae included about 170 centuriae of foot soldiers (infantry or pedites), 12 or 18 of equestrians, and a couple of others. How much wealth a family had determined which census class and therefore centuria its men fit in. The wealthiest infantry class had close to a majority of the centuriae and were also allowed to vote early, just after the cavalry whose first position in the metaphorical voting line (may have) earned them the label praerogativae. (It is from this use that we get the English word prerogative.) (Hall says that later after the system was reformed, the first [selected by lot] centuria to vote had the title of centuria praerogativa.) Should the vote of the wealthiest (infantry) first class and that of the cavalry be unanimous, there was no reason to go to the second class for their vote. The vote was by centuria in one of the assemblies, the comitia centuriata. Lily Ross Taylor thinks the members of a given centuria were from a variety of tribes. This process changed over time but is thought to have been the way the vote worked when the Servian Reforms were instituted. Tribal Voting Assembly In tribal elections, the voting order was decided by sortition, but there was an order of the tribes. We dont know exactly how it worked. Only one tribe might have been chosen by lot. There might have been a regular order for the tribes that the winner of the lottery was allowed to jump over. However it worked, the first tribe was known as principium. When a majority had been reached, the voting probably stopped, so if 18 tribes were unanimous, there was no reason for the remaining 17 to vote, and they didnt. The tribes voted per tabellam by ballot by 139 B.C., according to Ursula Hall. Voting in the Senate In the Senate, voting was visible and peer-pressure-driven: people voted by clustering around the speaker they supported. Roman Government in the Roman Republic The assemblies provided the democratic component of the mixed form of Roman government. There were also monarchic and aristocratic/oligarchic components. During the period of kings and the Imperial period, the monarchic element was dominant and visible in the personage of the king or emperor, but during the Republic, the monarchic element was elected annually and split in two. This split monarchy was the consulship whose power was deliberately curtailed. The Senate provided the aristocratic element. References The Centuriate Assembly before and after the Reform, by Lily Ross Taylor; The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 78, No. 4 (1957), pp. 337-354.Literacy and Roman Voting, by Edward E. Best; Historia 1974, pp. 428-438.The Origin of Latin suffrÄ gium, by Jyri Vaahtera; Glotta71. Bd., 1./2. H. (1993), pp. 66-80.Voting Procedure in Roman Assemblies, by Ursula Hall; Historia (Jul. 1964), pp. 267-306

What Is A Flat Character †Definition and Definitive Examples

What Is A Flat Character s What is a Flat Character? (And How to Fix One) â€Å"Riddled with flat characters† is perhaps the most damning thing you can hear from an editor or reviewer. An accusation that your characters read like a cardboard cut-outs is like a knife in the heart of any fledgling writer. But having a flat character or two isn't the end of the world  - or even the end of your story! And if you can learn how to turn a two-dimensional character into a three-dimensional one, you'll have a real leg up on all future character creation. Sometimes the hardest part is simply identifying when you  do  have a flat character on your hands... especially if you're not exactly sure what constitutes one. Which is why we want to illustrate exactly what is a flat character: with a clear definition, examples, and instructions on how to fix any flat characters you may come across in your writing. First off, let's talk about what this term means.What is a flat character?A flat character  is a character with little to no complex emotions, motivat ions, or personality. They also don't undergo any kind of change  to make them more well-rounded. In other words, they're the opposite of a "round character," who has a fully fleshed out profile and changes throughout the story. A flat character will typically:Have no internal conflictConform to a stereotypeNever experience character developmentLack a multi-faceted personalityWhereas a three-dimensional or round character will typically:Have internal conflictUndergo significant character developmentExperience mental and emotional changesHave a multi-faceted personalityFlat characters are also sometimes referred to as â€Å"one-dimensional† or â€Å"two-dimensional." Both of these monikers point to the same thing: a character who has very minimal complexity, and often renders the story less believable as a result. Are you accidentally writing a flat character? Learn more in this post Not all static characters are flatDon't make the mistake of conflating a flat character with a static character. â€Å"Static† (or its inverse, â€Å"dynamic†) strictly describes the amount of change that a character undergoes throughout the story. â€Å"Flat† is a referendum on the character's complexity. That means that, generally speaking, all two-dimensional characters are static, but not all static characters are two-dimensional. To learn more about the flip side of the equation, we wrote extensively about what makes a dynamic character here.Are flat characters bad?Again, having two-dimensional characters never spells automatic death for your book. And the occasional flat character can even benefit your narrative! Charles Dickens, for instance, was a genius at writing casts that were packed with memorable caricatures. Are Miss Havisham, Mrs Micawber, and Mr Jaggers flat characters? Absolutely - they have few complex characteristics and exist mostly to inter act with the main character of their respective stories. But does their flatness make them inherently uninteresting or irrelevant to the story? Not necessarily. Flat characters can fulfill a number of roles: they populate the environs of the protagonist’s journey, and can move the story along in a plot-driven book. You really just don't want your  main  character(s) to be flat, otherwise your audience will lose interest in them. Her animal friends are the most interesting thing about her. (Image: Buena Vista Pictures)6. Mary Jane from Spider-ManSummed up in one sentence: The girl next door who’s the object of Peter Parker’s affection. Purpose in the story: To be the damsel in distress whom Peter rescues time and time again.7. Karen Smith from Mean GirlsSummed up in one sentence: A popular high school student who isn’t the brightest bulb in the box. Purpose in the story: To be the comic relief. (Though, to be fair, she would unquestionably make a great weather reporter!)8. Mr Collins from Pride and PrejudiceSummed up in one sentence: A silly, pompous, vain, obsequious clergyman with narcissistic tendencies. Purpose in the story: To represent the stereotype of the silly, servile parts of British society that Jane Austen ends up eviscerating.So why do authors write flat characters?As you can see, authors utilize flat characters in a number of ways. Writers generally bring them out when:The story in question is extremely plot-driven. Genres such as detective novels and thrillers will feature more two-dimensional protagonists for this reason (i.e. Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes and The  Da Vinci Code’s Robert Langdon.)The story is simple enough that complex characters are unnecessary.  This is the case in many children's movies, such as the  Cinderella  example above.Minor characters are needed. These characters don’t need depth, as they exist in order to further a three-dimensional protagonist along on their journey.So a flat character isn't necessarily a  bad  character; it's all about how you use them. Some very popular stories make almost everyone into flat characters except the protagonist(s). However, when it comes to standard literature, it's usually best to steer clear when possible. As a general rule, the more complex and multi-dimensional you make your characters, the deeper you'll pull readers into the vivid world of you r story - and that goes for all  characters, not just the ones we see the most.Do you have any favorite flat characters? Have you included any two-dimensional characters in your own work? Let us know in the comments below.

Marketing distribution management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing distribution management - Essay Example For instance, even though Windows 7 was a perfectly competent operating system, Microsoft felt the need to come up with a superior variant in Windows 8 which provides users with a more interactive interface with more engaging features. Microsoft’s primary market segment is that of teenagers and young adults. Its new line of products include Windows phones and tablets, as well as the Xbox One, which are all products demanded by people belonging to these age groups. The need to constantly innovate to protect market share due to the continuous emergence of inventive products, such as Android smartphones and PlayStation 4, by competitors remains the company’s biggest challenge. The recent outlay of $405 million on the marketing of Windows tablets is testament to this fact (Warren). Microsoft has traditionally held a very mature and adult like persona in the minds of the public due its strong association with Windows operating systems. However, the company has recently undergone a rebranding process of transforming its logos and portfolio (The Globe and Mail). Its entry in the tablets market and its acquisition of Nokia’s cellphone division and subsequent marketing of ‘Lumia’ has showcased that it now wants to appeal to a younger audience and portray itself as ‘cool’. However, it faces stiff competition with the likes of Apple, Samsung and HTC having already occupied that position and possessing greater experience in these markets. The Globe and Mail. Microsoft Rebrands: First New Logo in 25 Years. 23 Aug. 2012. Web. 29 Jan. 2014. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/business-technology/microsoft-rebrands-first-new-logo-in-25-years/article4495185/ Warren, Tom. "Microsoft to Spend $405 Million on Windows Marketing, Aims for 16 Million Tablet Sales." The Verge, 1 Nov. 2013. Web. 29 Jan. 2014.